Production of hyperimmune serum against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus in rabbits with several applications

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to produce hyperimmune serum against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with several applications. Materials and Methods: Production of hyperimmune serum against genotype VII NDV was performed on eight New Zealand white rabbits divided into four groups. Rabbits were immunized three times on the 1st day, the 14th day, and the 30th day. Blood sampling was carried out on the 8th day after the third immunization. Results: All groups showed the same pattern of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer results. HI titers would peak on the 5th or the 9th day after the second immunization, then decrease until the 3rd day after the third immunization, and increase again on the 5th day after the third immu¬nization. Rabbits immunized intravenously showed higher HI titers than the other groups. These results indicate that the intravenous route for hyperimmune serum production against genotype VII Newcastle disease virus greatly affects the immune response result. Conclusions: The production of hyperimmune serum by intravenous immunization three times was able to produce the highest titer of 210 at 38 days. The agar gel precipitation test and the Western blot assay showed that the hyperimmune serum was specific for the Newcastle disease antigen.

Hematobiochemical and Immunological Profiles of Horses Used for Preparation of ‎Antitetanic hyperimmune Serum by Different Types of Adjuvants

“…Additionally, these specific antibodies in hyperimmune serum could be used to treat and control diseases in the event of an outbreak (Zhang et al, 2015 andPutri et al, 2022).…”

“…The production of hyperimmune serum that contains exceptionally large quantities of specific antibodies provides an unusual degree of immunization and can be produced by repeated immunizations i.e., repeated injections of antigens and can be frequently used as a successful treatment for various types of bacterial and viral diseases (Zhang et al, 2015 andPutri et al, 2022).The potency of the antitetanic serum is usually measured by the amount of antibodies it contains (Waghmare et al, 2014). In the current investigation the antibody titer was calculated as a limit of flocculation.…”

Immunoglobulin yolk targeting spike 1, receptor binding domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 blocking RBD-ACE2 binding interaction

“…Among the structural proteins of coronavirus , the spike protein has an RBD, which that mediates virus attachment to the host cell, as a primary antigenic target of a vaccine neutralized by an antibody [18] , [19] . In this study, immunization was initiated with hyperimmune treatment by injecting antigen for three consecutive days intravenously, with two concurrent booster immunizations given subcutaneously (SC) to achieve a hyperimmune condition [20] , [21] . Initial immunization promotes primary immunity by introducing antigens to B and memory cells, and the intravenous (IV) route was selected to accelerate this process.…”

A Review on The Clinical Efficacy of Antitetanic Hyperimmune Serum Prepared in Equine ‎Using Freund Adjuvants in Response to Toxoid and Toxin Immunization

“…The hyper immune serum is a serum that contains exceptionally large quantities of specific antibodies providing an unusual degree of immunization and can be produced by repeated immunizations i.e., repeated injections of antigens. Production of hyperimmune serum containing antibodies is one of the most frequently used successful treatment for various types of bacterial and viral diseases (Zhang et al, 2015 andPutri et al, 2022). Therefore, the hyperimmune serum as a non-antibiotic biological reagent continues to be developed for research needs, immunodiagnostic tools as well as is considered an alternative treatment to lower the disease recurrence rates.…”

“…CFA's mycobacterial components cause more delayedtype hypersensitivity, skewing the response toward a Th1 profile so it was considered a gold standard for adjuvants with greater immunostimulatory capabilities (Reed et al, 2013). In addition, CFA may be a good adjuvant for certain types of antigens, which are difficult to obtain, of small molecular weight, weakly immunogenic or only available in very small quantities (Putri et al, 2022). Leenaars et al, (1998) compared the antibody production with several antigens using a number of adjuvants and several routes of administration in both mice and rabbits.…”