In Vivo Imaging of Endogenously Produced HClO in Zebrafish and Mice Using a Bright, Photostable Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe

Abstract

A high brightness red fluorescent probe (S-BODIPY) has been developed for the sensitive and specific imaging of HClO/ClO − in vitro and in vivo. This probe exhibits some distinctive features such as excellent resistance to photobleaching, a high fluorescence brightness, high selectivity, as well as a good biocompatibility. Upon oxidation of the thioether group into sulfoxide, the probe showed a noticeable ratiometric fluorescence response toward ClO − with fast response (within 30 s) and a low detection limit (59 nM). The probe demonstrated the successful imaging of exogenous and endogenous HClO/ClO − in living HeLa cells, zebrafish, and mice with high signal-to-noise ratios. S-BODIPY allows for the real-time monitoring the level of ClO − in living cells by ratiometric fluorescence imaging, opening up exciting prospects to develop red and even near-infrared BODIPYs with high brightness and good photostability for in vivo imaging.

A simple sensor based on 1,8-naphthalimide with large Stokes shift for detection of hypochlorous acid in living cells

“…As has been well shown in previous studies, [43][44][45] the electron rich sulde was easily oxidized to sulfoxide by HOCl. To elucidate the detailed signal mechanism, the "turn-off" uorescence sensing mechanism for Probe 1 toward HOCl was proposed in Scheme 2.…”

HClO‐Activated Fluorescence and Photosensitization from an AIE Nanoprobe for Image‐Guided Bacterial Ablation in Phagocytes

“…[ 5 ] However, the existing HClO‐responsive molecules are limited to HClO detection based on stimulated generation of highly fluorescent moieties, but not capable of intracellular bacteria treatment. [ 6 ] Hence, the application of antibiotics is often required as the subsequent step for bacterial treatment. However, most antibiotics have shown low permeability to the host cells which contribute to the antimicrobial resistance of intracellular bacteria.…”

An Acridine-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Monitoring ClO− in Water Samples and Zebrafish

“…Zebrafish experiments proved that BK was organism-permeable and can monitor ClO − in living organisms. Importantly, BK is the first fluorescent turn-off sensor capable of sensing ClO − in zebrafish ( Table S1 ) [ 1 , 38 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”