Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene by nano metal–organic frameworks and bioethanol coproduct

Abstract

Summary In this work, a novel flame retardant system based on nano zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without traditional flame retardants has been designed and blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare the green flame retarded composites. The influences of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS on mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PP are studied. The results indicate that combination of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS improves the mechanical properties of PP, and the tensile strength of the composites containing 29 wt% of DDGS and 1 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 reaches 34.0 MPa compared with 24.7 MPa of pure PP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composites containing 27 wt% DDGS and 3 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 is about 25.0% compared with 17.5% of pure PP. Besides, its horizontal burning velocity also decreases significantly. The char residues after burning of the PP composites are analyzed, and the mechanism is discussed in detail.

Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene

“…However, PP is also well known for its intrinsic flammability. Due to its non-charring behavior and high energy density, it is among the polymers that are considered to be extremely difficult to reduce their flammability, which severely restricts further applications . The composites were prepared from a twin-screw extruder through melt blending, which is an environmentally benign process and also compatible with current industrial processes, including extrusion and injection molding.…”

“…Due to its non-charring behavior and high energy density, it is among the polymers that are considered to be extremely difficult to reduce their flammability, which severely restricts further applications. 15 The composites were prepared from a twin-screw extruder through melt blending, which is an environmentally benign process and also compatible with current industrial processes, including extrusion and injection molding. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to characterize their thermal stability, and their flame retardancy was comprehensively assessed using a limiting oxygen index apparatus, UL-94, cone calorimeter, and microscale combustion calorimeter.…”

Fire-Safe Polymer Composites: Flame-Retardant Effect of Nanofillers

“…Furthermore, the polymer composites should meet all the requirements in terms of major properties for practical applications, which is still a challenge. Nano-MDH 277 150 [221] ATH and MDH 7 s for ATH 6 s for MDH [85] Nano ZIF-8/PP composites 25 V-2 [238] Nano ZIF-8/PLA composites 26 2.9 s V-2 [210] LOI: limited oxygen index; PHRR: peak heat release rate; THR: total heat release; TTI: time to ignition; and SET: self-extinguishing time.…”

“…Nanoparticulate zeolitic imidazolate famework-8 (nano-ZIF-8) have been also used to develop flame retardants [ 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. Recently, as shown in Figure 35 [ 238 ], a new flame retardant based on nanoparticulate zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (nano-ZIF-8) and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) was designed, without any conventional flame retardants, and blended with polypropylene (PP) to obtain an environmentally friendly flame-retardant composite [ 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 ]. The LOI of the composite containing 27 wt% DDGS and 3 wt% nano-ZIF-8 (avg.…”

Composites Filled with Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Recent Developments in Flame Retardants

“…[ 132 , 133 ]. Xie et al [ 134 ] used direct melt blending of dry wine lees, ZIF-8 and PP, and the mechanical properties of the obtained composites were significantly improved, with tensile strength and strain at break values of 34.2 MPa and 24.8%, respectively. This was due to the introduction of ZIF-8 as an interfacial modifier and energy-absorbing nanocrystals.…”