Composites Filled with Metal Organic Frameworks and Their Derivatives: Recent Developments in Flame Retardants

Abstract

Polymer matrix is vulnerable to fire hazards and needs to add flame retardants to enhance its performance and make its application scenarios more extensive. At this stage, it is more necessary to add multiple flame-retardant elements and build a multi-component synergistic system. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied for nearly three decades since their introduction. MOFs are known for their structural advantages but have only been applied to flame-retardant polymers for a relatively short period of time. In this paper, we review the development of MOFs utilized as flame retardants and analyze the flame-retardant mechanisms in the gas phase and condensed phase from the original MOF materials, modified MOF composites, and MOF-derived composites as flame retardants, respectively. The effects of carbon-based materials, phosphorus-based materials, nitrogen-based materials, and biomass on the flame-retardant properties of polymers are discussed in the context of MOFs. The construction of MOF multi-structured flame retardants is also introduced, and a variety of MOF-based flame retardants with different morphologies are shown to broaden the ideas for subsequent research.

Harnessing the Flexibility of Lightweight Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Aerogels for Superior Thermal Insulation and Fire Protection

“…Therefore, flame retardants are generally designed to include both phosphorus and nitrogen in order to take advantage of this synergistic effect. Phosphorus flame retardants can liberate PO • and PO 2 • radicals, as well as other reactive radicals including H • , HO • , and O • that are produced during the combustion chain reaction burst reaction . Phosphorus flame retardants, however, have the ability to release phosphoric acid-containing compounds that facilitate the dehydration of polymer substrates, resulting in the formation of carbon.…”

“…• radicals, as well as other reactive radicals including H • , HO • , and O • that are produced during the combustion chain reaction burst reaction. 45 Phosphorus flame retardants, however, have the ability to release phosphoric acidcontaining compounds that facilitate the dehydration of polymer substrates, resulting in the formation of carbon. P−N flame retardants enhance the thermal stability and fire safety of aerogels by creating a compact network of char layers in CMP8A3 aerogel.…”

Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review

“…The dense carbon layer greatly reduces the area of the polymer exposed to air, consequently limiting heat release and smoke generation. [58][59][60] The ame-retardant mechanism of metal ame retardants in polymers has been extensively studied 61,62 and can be summarized in the following four main aspects.…”

Synthesis of FePP@MoS2@Ni‐MOF composites for improving thermal and flame retardant safety properties of polyurea

“…This presents an opportunity to investigate the development of efficient and convenient flame retardant composites by combining flame retardant materials with the design diversity offered by MOFs. [8][9][10] With the advancement of science and technology, there is an increasing focus on improving the efficiency of flame retardants. Simultaneously, there is a growing awareness of the importance of environmental and health protection in this context.…”

“…This structural modulation capability allows Ni‐MOF to have more application possibilities in the flame retardant field. This presents an opportunity to investigate the development of efficient and convenient flame retardant composites by combining flame retardant materials with the design diversity offered by MOFs 8–10 …”