High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Biologically Important, Small Epimeric Peptides and their L, D-Amino Acid Content

Abstract

Since most of the proteinogenic alpha-amino acids contain a chiral carbon atom, the stereoisomers of both these amino acids and the peptides in which they are to be found may possess differences in biological activity in living systems. The important analytical task of the separation of optical isomers is achieved mainly by chromatographic methods. This special review surveys direct and indirect HPLC separations of biologically important, small epimeric peptides and their L, D-amino acid content.

Quantitative Determination of Total Amino Acids Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Ninhydrin Derivatization

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9] However, the ninhydrin method still has the disadvantage of limited sensitivity. Continual advances have been made by fluorescence detection of amino acids based on reactions with various derivatization reagents including OPA, 5 phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC), 27 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-carbamate (AQC).…”

“…3 Numerous chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have been developed for the separation and determination of amino acids. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Although these methods have high sensitivity for an individual amino acid, they usually require time-consuming separation procedures or specialized equipment. 10 Therefore, a simple and sensitive method for total amino acids detection without the separation of individual amino acid is a matter of concern.…”

Nutritional and medicinal aspects of d-amino acids

“…Methodologies continue to be improved with novel techniques explored. See Ilisz et al (2010) and Kirschner and Green (2009) for good reviews of DAA methods of analysis.…”

“…Some DAA are taken up by diseased tissue differently than by healthy tissue, leading to potentially better diagnostic approaches and new therapeutic targets (McConathy and Goodman 2008; Tsukada et al 2006). Recent advances in analytical techniques have allowed more accurate measurement of small amounts of DAA among much larger pools of LAA in biological fluids and tissues (Ilisz et al 2010;Kirschner and Green 2009).…”

Recent advances in the direct and indirect liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of amino acids and related compounds: A review

“…Even in this restricted field, the limitations of this section do not permit a survey of the extremely large number of publications from the beginning. Early information on this subject may be found in the original papers cited in numerous previous reviews and monographs [7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”