Genetic divergence among hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin with 'Pêra' sweet orange

Abstract

Molecular markers have been used as tools in breading programs of sexual hybridation, allowing the genetic characterization of a large number of genotypes. The RADP markers are the most used since the employed techniques are simple and of low cost. To evaluate the genetic divergence among F 1 hybrids of 'Cravo' mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and 'Pêra' sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck), this study analyses the variability and similarity of the hybrids among themselves and with their parents. Random Amplified Polimorfic DNA marker analysis, with 102 primers, were applied to a population composed of 94 hybrids and their parents. Multivariate genetic divergence analysis of the principal components and Tocher grouping were carried out only considering the polymorphic fragments. Genetic distances were calculated by the arithmetic complement of the Jaccard index. Bidimensional dispersion graphs among hybrid and parent distances and of the divergence analysis by principal components were constructed. High genetic similarity among Cravo and Pêra varieties and their hybrids was verified, showing a casual distribution from the hybrids in relation to the parents, but in intermediary positions. The principal component analysis showed little applicability in the study of hybrid genetic divergence. The hybrids and parents were classified in groups based on the genetic similarity, using the Tocher optimization method. Key words: Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Tocher grouping, RAPD, citrus DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA ENTRE HÍBRIDOS DE TANGERINA 'CRAVO' COM LARANJA 'PÊRA'RESUMO: Os marcadores moleculares têm sido utilizados como ferramentas em programas de melhoramento por hibridação sexual, permitindo a caracterização genética de grande número de genótipos. Os marcadores moleculares RAPD são os mais utilizados pois as técnicas empregadas são simples e de baixo custo. Avaliouse a divergência genética entre híbridos F 1 de tangerina 'Cravo' ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) com laranja 'Pêra' (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e estudou-se a variabilidade e a similaridade desses materiais entre si e em relação aos parentais. Reações RAPD, com 102 primers, foram realizadas em uma população de 94 híbridos e nos parentais. As análises multivariadas de divergência genética de componentes principais e agrupamento de Tocher foram realizadas, considerando-se, somente, os fragmentos polimórficos. As distâncias genéticas foram obtidas por meio do complemento aritmético do índice de Jaccard. Gráficos bidimensionais de dispersão das distâncias dos híbridos e parentais e da análise de divergência por meio de componentes principais foram construídos. Verificou-se elevada similaridade genética entre as variedades Cravo e Pêra e seus híbridos, demonstrando uma distribuição praticamente aleatória dos híbridos em relação aos parentais, porém em posições intermediárias. A análise de componentes principais apresentou aplicabilidade reduzida no estudo da divergência genética dos híbridos. O método de otimização de Tocher possibilitou a classifica...

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