First report on hemoglobin electrostatic immobilization on WO3 nanoparticles: application in the simultaneous determination of levodopa, uric acid, and folic acid

Abstract

This work describes the first report about the simultaneous determination of levodopa (L-DOPA) with folic acid (FA) and uric acid (UA) based on electrocatalytic oxidation of L-DOPA with peroxidase properties of hemoglobin (Hb) in the presence of H2O2 as Hb activator. Bovine Hb was electrostatically immobilized on WO3 nanoparticles (WO3NPs) in pH between Hb and WO3NP isoelectric points, and subsequently, a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with the obtained WO3NPs-Hb and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting biosensor supplied a sensitive and suitably stable biosensor for the simultaneous determination of L-DOPA, UA, and FA. The obtained linear range and detection limit for L-DOPA, UA, and FA were completely acceptable, and the biosensor response time for these molecules was relatively short so that it reaches about 95 % of its maximum response in less than 10 s. The applicability of the current biosensor was confirmed with the determination of L-DOPA in the presence of fixed amounts of FA and UA in some real samples by the standard addition method.

Simultaneous electrochemical detection of levodapa, paracetamol and l-tyrosine based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…Several methods for the detection of LD in medicines or biological samples have been reported, including chromatography, 4 spectroscopy 5 and electrical analysis. [6][7][8][9][10] Pain is a common problem in PD patients. Non-steroidal anti-inammatory drugs, such as paracetamol (PA) and aspirin, are commonly used to relieve PD-related pain.…”

First Report for Levodopa Electrocatalytic Oxidation Based on Copper Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF): Application in a Voltammetric Sensor Development for Levodopa in Real Samples

“…[1][2][3][4] Direct treatment with dopamine is not effective because dopamine cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the central nervous system [1][2][3][4][5] so, levodopa [3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -L-alanine] (LD) is used for the oral treatment of PD, which is converted to dopamine by the brain's aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase enzyme. [1,4,6] LD is a vital catecholamine drug, a biologically active additive and a psychoactive substance that is found in certain types of foods and medicinal plants. [7] However, an overdose of LD is destructive and can cause side effects such as nausea, schizophrenia, paranoia, arrhythmias, vomits, hypotension, movement disorder, the development of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations.…”

“…So far different methods have been reported in the literature to determine levodopa like as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV-vis spectroscopy method, [11] HPLC-Mass spectroscopy method, [12] capillary electrophoresis, [13] voltammetry [2,6] and amperometry. [14] Among the mentioned methods, electrochemical methods have attracted more attention, since don't have the disadvantages of other methods such as being time-consuming and costly and also have various advantages such as low cost, ease of use, sensitivity, simplicity and fast response.…”

“…[14] Among the mentioned methods, electrochemical methods have attracted more attention, since don't have the disadvantages of other methods such as being time-consuming and costly and also have various advantages such as low cost, ease of use, sensitivity, simplicity and fast response. [6,15] Uric acid (UA) is a significant product of human sputum metabolism and is present in biological fluids including urine and blood. UA concentration is a marker for the diagnosis of diseases such as gout and pneumonia.…”

The Development of Reproducible and Selective Uric Acid Biosensor by Using Electrodeposited Polytyramine as Matrix Polymer

“…Various analytical methods have been used for uric acid assays, including colorimetric, optoelectronic sensor [8], fluorometric-enzymatic method, luminol chemiluminescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and biosensor with electrochemical methods [9][10][11][12][13], where enzymatic procedures are mainly employed, due to their rapid, selective, sensitive nature and the great accuracy obtained in the measurements. Electrochemical detection systems on the biosensor for uric acid assay are frequently based on the monitoring the consumption of oxygen or the rate production of hydrogen peroxide [14] by an enzymatic catalytic reaction.…”