Simultaneous electrochemical detection of levodapa, paracetamol and l-tyrosine based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A novel electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of levodopa, paracetamol and l-tyrosine was developed based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The sensor has the merits of wide linear range, good selectivity and good reproducibility.

Amperometric Method for Detecting Paracetamol using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Vanadium(V) Oxide

“…It is possible that the increased current was due to the increased surface area (Table 1), the electrostatic interactions between the V 2 O 5 and PCM on the electrode surface and faster charge transfer. With the oxidation potential of PCM, for electrodes modified with other materials such as graphene [7] and carbon nanotubes, [21] the observed potentials were lower than 0.50 V. On the other hand, with metal oxides such as Nd 2 O 3 [11] and La 2 O 3 , [12] the potentials were greater than 0.5 V, with values very close to that reported for V 2 O 5 . Therefore, with electrodes modified with metal oxides, PCM oxidation required more energy than with other materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes.…”

Electrochemical determination of acetaminophen at a carbon electrode modified in the presence of β-cyclodextrin: role of the activated glassy carbon and the electropolymerised β-cyclodextrin

“…While all these techniques can be employed successfully, they are not always suitable for routine analysis, with high equipment costs, time-consuming analyses, and in some cases poor selectivity and low sensitivity is observed. Acetaminophen is readily oxidised through a two electron two proton transfer reaction at potentials considerably lower than the oxygen evolution reaction at most electrodes to form N-acetyl benzoquinone imine [8]. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in the development of electrochemical sensors that can be employed in the detection and analysis of acetaminophen.…”

“…Various materials have been employed to give sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for the determination of the concentration of acetaminophen, with carbon-based materials, including graphene [9][10][11][12][13], graphite [14,15], carbon nanotubes [8,16] and mesoporous carbon [17] featuring in several studies. For example, Kachoosangi et al [15] utilised plane pyrolytic graphite electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes, Li et al [18] combined Pd with graphene oxide to give a nanocomposite, while Li et al [8] employed multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of acetaminophen, tyrosine and levodopa. Enhanced detection of acetaminophen has also been observed with the covalent modification of carbon-based electrodes, using for example diazonium cations [19] and 4-amino benzoic acid [20].…”

Electrodes for Paracetamol Sensing Modified with Bismuth Oxide and Oxynitrate Heterostructures: An Experimental and Computational Study

“…An effective approach to improving the sensitivity and electrooxidation kinetics of electrochemical sensors is to employ nanostructured catalysts [12,13]. Furthermore, multiple studies have now shown a clear size-dependence of the catalytic activity that may briefly be ascribed to surface-enhancement and quantum effects [14,15], with detectable amounts ranging from 1-2 nM [16,17] up to 3 µM [18]. Noble metal nanoparticles, especially Au, Pd and Pt, show exceptional electrocatalytic behavior, decreased overpotentials in relevant electrochemical reactions and even an improved reversibility [19].…”