Fabrication and in-vitro Investigation of Polycaprolactone - (Polyvinyl Alcohol/Collagen) Hybrid Nanofiber as Anti-Inflammatory Guided Tissue Regeneration Membrane

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease is the most common oral condition that affects the tissue surrounding the teeth. The oral cavity is colonized by an impressive array of micro-organisms, many of which can colonize the implants such as Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR) often utilized in recovering procedures that result in inflammation interfering with the bone regeneration. Methods: In the current study, a nano-hybrid GTR membrane is developed as a heliacal structure scaffold with localized drug delivery function (Ibuprofen) as an anti-inflammatory agent. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and a blend of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/collagen (Col) (50/50) were electrospun by electrospinning. Ibuprofen (Ibu) was loaded once in the PCL context and once in the hydrophilic portion (PVA/Col). Results: The in vitro release behavior was investigated in each case. Chemical and physical properties were studied for each item. Morphology investigation indicated a heliacal structure with the total average diameter of 1266 nm consististing of porous pores with the average diameter of 256nm. Conclusion: The membranes indicated proper mechanical properties and appropriate biodegradation rate as a potential GTR membrane. The controlled and sustained release of Ibu was obtained from both PCL and PVA/COL loaded membranes. Kinetic model study indicated the following zero-order and Higuchi models for the optimum case of PCL loaded and PVA/Col Ibu loaded scaffolds respectively.

Silk fibroin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes loaded with natural Manuka honey for potential wound healing

“…23,24 PCL is widely used in the fields of drug carriers, plasticizers, degradable plastics, nanofiber spinning, and molding materials. [25][26][27] Many methods have been utilized to prepare wound dressing, including stretching, template synthesis, molecular spinneret spinning, electrospinning, and so on. 5 Among them, electrospinning has become an effective method for the direct and continuous preparation of nanofibrous membranes owing to its simple operation and conditions.…”

“…Polycaprolactone (PCL) has good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and biodegradability, and it can improve the mechanical properties of composite electrospinning membranes to adapt to irregular wound contours 23,24 . PCL is widely used in the fields of drug carriers, plasticizers, degradable plastics, nanofiber spinning, and molding materials 25–27 …”

Core-Shell Nanofibers Based on Polycaprolactone/Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polycaprolactone/Collagen for Biomedical Applications

“…Two peaks at 2866 and 2939 cm −1 can be related to the symmetric vibration of CH 2 . Asymmetric stretching of COC appeared at 1165 and 1238 cm −1 [23]. The spectrum of PVA shows a broad peak in the range of 3200-3550 cm −1 related to the hydrogen bond of PVA.…”

“…However, for PVA, a 7% increase in the concentration of the polymer results in a nozzle drop without any electrospun nanofibers. Studies have shown that the best PVA concentration for electrospinning is 7%, and above that concentration, electrospinning power decreases [23]. For collagen, concentrations of 60 and 70% were investigated, and collagen 70% showed less clot than collagen 60%.…”

The recent advances in scaffolds for integrated periodontal regeneration

“… Type of scaffold Anti-inflammatory component Research design Experimental duration Induction of inflammation Outcomes Ref CS/PVA/HA electrospun fibers and films Meloxicam (NSAIDs) In vitro material characterization; cytocompatibility test (VERO cell culture) 72 h N/A Meloxicam, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, showed a sustained drug release over extended periods of time from CS/HA/PVA composite fibrous membranes and films; no direct observation in ant-inflammatory effect [ 63 ] Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold Ibuprofen (IBU) In vitro material characterization; cell vitality & wound closure assay, release profile, and in vivo periodontal regeneration evaluation 22 days LPS The anti-inflammatory effects of IBU on gingival cells were actively intensified; IBU-PCL scaffold significantly enhanced the clinical attachment and reduced bone destruction in mouse model. [ 65 ] 3D BMP-2-Delivering Tannylated polycaprolactone (PCL) Scaffold Tannic acid (TA) In vitro material characterization; release profile; antioxidant assay; ROS measurement; anti-inflammatory effect test; ALPase activity assay 28 days LPS The BMP-2/TA/PCL scaffold significantly inhibited the mRNA levels of MMP-3, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS; increased osteogenic effect [ 66 ] Polycaprolactone - (Polyvinyl Alcohol/Collagen) Hybrid Nanofiber Ibuprofen (IBU) In vitro material characterization; release profile N/A N/A Both PCL and PVA/COL loaded membranes consistently released IBU; no direct observation in ant-inflammatory effect [ 67 ] Collagen membrane Progranulin (PGRN) In vitro coimmunoprecipitation assay; in vivo periodontal regeneration evaluation by microCT analysis, histomorphometric analysis & immunohistochemical staining …”