Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and toxic potential of extracts and triterpenes isolated from Maytenus imbricata

Abstract

Recebido em 3/10/11; aceito em 26/2/12; publicado na web em 2/7/12The phytochemical study of hexane/ethyl ether (1:1) extract of the roots of M. imbricata, Celastraceae, resulted in the isolation and characterization of six known triterpenes: 11α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one, previously isolated from this species besides, 3β,11α-di-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene, 3,7-dioxofriedelane, 3-oxo-29-hydroxyfriedelane, tingenone and 6-oxo-tingenol. The chemical structures of these triterpenes were established by spectrometric data (IR, 1 H and 13 C NMR) and through comparison with literature data. The hexane/ethyl ether (1:1), ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, and 11α-hydroxylup-20(29)-en-3-one, tingenone and 6-oxo-tingenol, showed antimicrobial properties on in vitro assays. All extracts and triterpenes, except 3β,11α-di-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene, presented toxicity demonstrated by the larvicidal effect test using Artemia salina.

Tingenone, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces peripheral antinociception due to NO/cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channels pathway activation in mice

“…From of this extract, 1.5 g of tingenone ( Fig. 1) was isolated and characterized (Rodrigues et al, 2012).…”

“…In a previous study accomplished by Veloso et al (2014b), it was demonstrated that tingenone administered into the right hind paw induced a local antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by naloxone, a non-selective antagonist to opioid receptors, suggesting that the opioidergic system participates in the peripheral antinociception induced by tingenone. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and activation of potassium channels in the peripheral antinociceptive mechanism of locally applied tingenone, a pentacyclic triterpene, isolated from the roots of Maytenus imbricata (Rodrigues et al, 2012). Other triterpenes that present antinociceptive effects have been already studied (Gaertner et al, 1999;Ferreira et al, 2000;Bortalanza et al, 2002).…”

Antidiarrheal activity of extracts from Maytenus gonoclada and inhibition of Dengue virus by lupeol

“…Species of the Maytenus genus have been used in traditional medicine in Brazil and other countries to treat patients with diarrhea (Ahmed et al 2013, Santos et al 2007, Baggio et al 2009). It was demonstrated that some of these species exhibited antimicrobial activity (Rodrigues et al 2012). Maytenus gonoclada Mart.…”

Leaf morphoanatomy of the medicinal Maytenus imbricata (Celastraceae): an ecological approach

“…Many of the chemical components isolated from its species have pharmacological properties (Din et al 2013, Duarte et al 2013, Moo-Puc et al 2014 (Silva et al 2009, Rodrigues et al 2012, M. aquifolium Mart., (Gonzalez et al 2001), M. salicifolia Reissek, (Magalhães et al 2011) and M. truncata Reissek, (Silva et al 2005a) are used in folk medicine to treat the same stomach illness, and have the same popular name "espinheira-santa" (Niero et al 2011). For these reasons it is necessary a careful quality control of raw material in the manufacture of drugs using Maytenus species and is required define anatomical key characters for the unambiguous species identification (Jacomassi & Machado 2004, Duarte & Debur 2005, Joffily & Vieira 2005, Nakamura et al 2013.…”

“…Duarte & Debur (2005) proposed epidermal cells containing styloids, cuticular flanges and amphicrival vascular bundles as relevant characters for the diagnosis of M. ilicifolia. M. imbricata is known for the presence of bioactive compounds (Silva et al 2005b, 2007, Silva et al 2009, Rodrigues et al 2012 nevertheless there is no study to quality control. The goal of this work was to describe the morphological and anatomical features of the leaf and relate them to the environment where the species occurs.…”