Antidiarrheal activity of extracts from Maytenus gonoclada and inhibition of Dengue virus by lupeol

Abstract

Diarrhea is an infectious disease caused by bacterial, virus, or protozoan, and dengue is caused by virus, included among the neglected diseases in several underdeveloped and developing countries, with an urgent demand for new drugs. Considering the antidiarrheal potential of species of Maytenus genus, a phytochemical investigation followed by antibacterial activity test with extracts of branches and heartwood and bark of roots from Maytenus gonoclada were conducted. Moreover, due the frequency of isolation of lupeol from Maytenus genus the antiviral activity against Dengue virus and cytotoxicity of lupeol and its complex with β-cyclodextrins were also tested. The results indicated the bioactivity of ethyl acetate extract from branches and ethanol extract from heartwood of roots of M. gonoclada against diarrheagenic bacteria. The lupeol showed potent activity against Dengue virus and low cytotoxicity in LLC-MK 2 cells, but its complex with β-cyclodextrin was inactive. Considering the importance of novel and selective antiviral drug candidates the results seem to be promising.

The Role of Cyclodextrins in the Design and Development of Triterpene-Based Therapeutic Agents

“…Their structure consists of several glucose units connected by α-(1–4)-glycosidic bonds, which induce the formation of a hydrophobic internal cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface, in the form of a truncated cone. The internal cavity of CDs allows for the incorporation of hydrophobic compounds with a suitable molecular size [ 61 ].…”

Untitled

“…Lupeol Berdasarkan hasil uji GC-MS resin kapur D.keithii yang larut dalam etanol 96% diduga terdapat senyawa lupeol (C30H50O). Senyawa ini merupakan salah satu senyawa dari golongan terpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas biologis seperti antivirus (Silva et al, 2017), obat ansiolitik (Wal et al, 2019), antiinflamasi (Fernández et al, 2010;Geetha & Varalakshmi, 2001;Lee et al, 2016;Oliveira-Junior et al, 2019), antikanker (Bhattacharyya et al, 2019;He et al, 2018;Jiang et al, 2020;Min et al, 2019;Pitchai et al, 2014;Prasad et al, 2018;Rauth et al, 2016), antidiabetes (Malik et al, 2019;Pushpanjali et al, 2019;Shreenithi et al, 2019;Soni et al, 2018;Taylor et al, 2012).…”

“…Penelitian lain juga menyebutkan beberap fungsi dari lupeol ini, di antaranya sebagai kardioprotektif (Thilakarathna & Vasantha Rupasinghe, 2012;M. Xu et al, 2020), pelindung kulit (Ciurlea et al, 2010;Payal Singh et al, 2017;Srivastava et al, 2016), antiprotozoa (Das et al, 2017;Goyal et al, 2011;Isah et al, 2018;Shai et al, 2009;Siddique & Saleem, 2011;, antimikroba (Amoussa et al, 2016;Mutai, 2012;Okusa et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2017;Tolo, F.M., et al, 2010), antiproliferasi (Siddique & Saleem, 2011), dan sebagai agen nefroprotektif (Devkar et al, 2016;Sinha et al, 2019).…”

Ethnomedicinal Wisdom

“…Recent emergence of deadly dengue, which is now a public health concern worldwide, has also been shown to be prevented by plant-derived drug. Lupeol isolated from Maytenus gonoclada has shown activity against dengue virus (Silva et al, 2017). Extracts from Carica papaya have now been used for the treatment of dengue in hospitals (Ahmad et al, 2011;Dharmarathna et al, 2013) mainly to prevent the reduction on number of platelet due to platelet aggregation, although the anti-dengue or anti-aggregation of platelet activity of papaya extract has not been scientifically proved till date.…”