Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated?

Paixão, Rita Leal; Schramm, Fermín Roland

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500011

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, considering animals as partners of humanity, rather than victims, may be the first step along the path to a peaceful coexistence of the various currents of thought that permeate the world [23]. We must face our doubts and believe that the worst of all perspectives is not to face challenges or not to offer space for discussion of new issues [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The earliest records date from about 500 BC, when Alcmaeon performed dissections on animals in order to know more about their anatomy [1]. Over the centuries, many scientists stood out in studies with animals; however, only from the early nineteenth century that there was a significant increase in the use of animals in scientific experiments [2] due to the publication of the principles of animal use as study models by Claude Bernard [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomedical research with animals are distributed in various lines of development, usually related to drug toxicity testing, production of vaccines and serum, biological and molecular mechanisms of diseases and findings in the growing field of genetic engineering [1].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Animal models in Experimental Research in Dentistry in Brazil

Bernardino¹,

Farias²,

Medeiros³

et al. 2014

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective:To identify the types of animals commonly used in experimental research in dentistry in Brazil. Material and Methods: 2721 studies were evaluated, of which 379 (13.9 %) involved animals. The variables analyzed were: area of knowledge, type of study, type of animal, number of animals, occurrence of sacrifice, body part used and financing. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test (p < 0.05) with the SPSS 18.0 software. Results: Research in Dental Materials (38.8 %), Surgery, Dental Anesthesiology and Implantology (25.6 %) were those that most used animals. Most studies were in vivo (60.2 %), using rats (82.7 %) and average of 44.3 animals per study. Most animals were sacrificed during or at the end of the experiment (61.8 %) and the most used body part was the teeth (44.2%), especially bovine. Conclusion: Areas of Dental Materials and Surgery, Anesthesiology and Implantology are those that most used animals in studies, with predominance of rodents, being usually sacrificed during or at the end of the experiment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Use of Animal models in Experimental Research in Dentistry in Brazil

Bernardino¹,

Farias²,

Medeiros³

et al. 2014

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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“…Their work reinforced the need for committees to evaluate the use of animals from an ethical viewpoint. The first committee on animal rights was established at Harvard University in 1907 7 . The impact of the work of the mentioned authors stimulated a widespread dissemination of similar committees at research and educational institutions around the world.…”

Section: Baumansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influência de uma comissão de ética na proteção de animais

2017

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The creation of animal ethics committees in teaching and research establishes a new ethics in relations with non-human animals. The present article carried out a statistical study of data from 390 research protocols evaluated over eight years by a commission at one Brazilian university, to determine if its actions brought about a reduction in suffering and a proportional decrease in the practice of euthanasia. A statistical significance study was carried out using an extension of the Wilcoxon test, seeking to verify a long-term trend of protection procedures, such as lower predicted levels of stress and pain in protocols, more frequent use of anesthesia and sedatives and a reduction in euthanasia. The results were statistically significant for all three of these items, suggesting a concrete effect of animal protection. The method used is proposed as a form of evaluating the use of these procedures by commissions. Keywords: Ethical review. Bioethics. Animal experimentation. Euthanasia, animal. ResumoInfluência de uma comissão de ética na proteção de animais O estabelecimento de comissões de ética no uso de animais em ensino e pesquisa concretiza nova ética nas relações com animais não humanos. Realizou-se estudo estatístico sobre dados de 390 protocolos de pesquisa avaliados durante oito anos por uma comissão em uma universidade brasileira, buscando determinar se essa atuação foi capaz de reduzir o sofrimento e diminuiu proporcionalmente a prática de eutanásia. Empregou-se extensão do teste de Wilcoxon para verificar a tendência de procedimentos de proteção como melhor previsão de estresse e dor nos protocolos, uso mais frequente de anestesia e sedativos e redução de eutanásias executadas. Os resultados mostraram significância estatística em todos os três itens, sugerindo efeito concreto na proteção animal. O método utilizado é proposto ainda como forma de avaliar o uso desses procedimentos pelas comissões. Palavras-chave: Revisão ética. Bioética. Experimentação animal. Eutanásia animal. Resumen Influencia de una comisión de ética en la protección de animalesEl establecimiento de comisiones de ética en el uso de animales en enseñanza e investigación concreta una nueva ética en las relaciones con los animales no humanos. Se realizó un estudio estadístico a partir de los datos de 390 protocolos de investigación evaluados durante ocho años por una comisión en una universidad brasileña, buscando determinar si esa actuación fue capaz de reducir el sufrimiento y de disminuir proporcionalmente la práctica de la eutanasia. Se empleó una extensión del test de Wilcoxon para verificar la tendencia de procedimientos de protección, como una mejor previsión de estrés y dolor en los protocolos, el uso más frecuente de anestesia y sedantes, y la reducción en la realización de eutanasia. Los resultados mostraron una significancia estadística en estos tres ítems, sugiriendo un efecto concreto en la protección animal. El método utilizado se propone, también, como una forma de evaluar el uso de estos procedimientos por parte...

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“…The shift from conducting research on animals for the benefit of animals to conducting research on animals as models for human disease instigated reflections on the moral status of animals and the validity of animal models. The use of animals as models for human physiology and pathology has a long and at times controversial history (e.g., Guerrini 1989;Paixão and Schramm 1999;Baumans 2004) and is debated widely from divergent and constantly evolving standpoints. Key issues in this debate are disagreements among philosophers relating to the moral status of animals, as well as disagreement among philosophers and scientist in relation to the validity of animal models.…”

Section: Personal Reflections On Moral Status Of Animals and Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models for human disease – reflections from an animal researcher’s perspective

Tammen¹

2012

BTS

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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of lethal inherited neurodegenerative disorders in humans and many animal species. My research on sheep and cattle with NCL raises critical questions on a range of ethical issues, specifically the claim that sheep and cattle are useful models for the disease in humans and other related moral problems. My reflections on moral status of animals and validity of animal models are outlined in this paper.

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Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated?

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Use of Animal models in Experimental Research in Dentistry in Brazil

Use of Animal models in Experimental Research in Dentistry in Brazil

Influência de uma comissão de ética na proteção de animais

Animal models for human disease – reflections from an animal researcher’s perspective

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