Ethanol and Nitric Oxide in Quality Maintenance of ‘Galaxy’ Apples Stored Under Controlled Atmosphere

Abstract

-The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of ethanol and two nitric oxide dose applications on the maintenance of the post-storage quality of 'Galaxy' apple during storage under controlled atmosphere (CA) nitric oxide showed lower ethylene production, respiration rate and ACC oxidase ( (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) oxidase enzyme activity. Apples treated with 20 uL L -1 nitric oxide showed higher ethylene production, respiration rate, internal ethylene concentration CO 2 and ethanol concentration. Ethanol and nitric oxide application before storage have no benefits in maintaining fruit quality after storage under CA due to lower flesh firmness, higher mealiness incidence, flesh breakdown and decay incidence. Index terms: Ethylene, respiration rate, fermentation compounds, Malus domestica. Os frutos foram mantidos em AC durante oito meses e sete dias a 20º C. Frutos tratados com etanol apresentaram maior produção de etileno, menor firmeza, elevada degenerescência, polpa farinácea e produção de acetaldeído. Já, os frutos tratados com 40 µL L -1 de óxido nítrico apresentaram menor produção de etileno, taxa respiratória e atividade da enzima ACC (1-aminociclopropano-1-carboxílico) oxidase. Maçãs tradadas com 20 µL L -1 de óxido nítrico apresentaram aumento na produção de etileno e respiração, etileno e CO 2 interno, e produzem mais etanol. A aplicação de etanol e óxido nítrico não apresenta benefícios na manutenção da qualidade dos frutos após o armazenamento em AC, devido à menor firmeza de polpa, maior ocorrência de polpa farinácea, degenerescência de polpa e incidência de podridões nos frutos. Termos para indexação: Etileno, taxa respiratória, compostos da fermentação, Malus domestica. ETANOL E ÓXIDO NÍTRICO NA MANUTENÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE MAÇÃS 'GALAXY' ARMAZENADAS EM

Quality of “Cripps Pink” apples following the application of 1‐MCP, ethanol vapor and nitric oxide as pretreatments for controlled atmosphere storage

“…The application of NO and Eth did not affect ethylene production, but reduced the respiratory rate of the fruit (Table 1). These results confirm those obtained in other apple cultivars (Brackmann et al., 2017; Weber et al., 2020). There was also no positive effect of these treatments on ethylene production in “Galaxy” apples after CA storage plus 7 days of shelf‐life (Brackmann et al., 2017).…”

“…These results confirm those obtained in other apple cultivars (Brackmann et al., 2017; Weber et al., 2020). There was also no positive effect of these treatments on ethylene production in “Galaxy” apples after CA storage plus 7 days of shelf‐life (Brackmann et al., 2017). A reduction in the respiratory rate following exposure to NO was also observed in “Galaxy” apples (Brackmann et al., 2017).…”

“…It is possible to attribute the effect of 1‐MCP on the lower respiratory activity of 1‐MCP‐treated fruit. In the present study, there is no positive effect of NO on the maintenance of TA, as well as observed in “Galaxy” (Brackmann et al., 2017) and “Cripps Pink” apples (Steffens et al., 2021).…”

“…NO treatment of “Cripps Pink” apples had no effect on flesh firmness (Table 1). There was also no effect of NO on the maintenance of flesh firmness in “Galaxy” apples after CA storage (Brackmann et al., 2017) and “Cripps Pink” apples cold stored (Steffens et al., 2021). The effect of NO on ripening‐related events, such as a reduction in flesh firmness, has been attributed to the reduction of ethylene synthesis in treated fruits (Palma et al., 2019).…”

Treatment with nitric oxide preserves the quality of cold stored ‘Cripps Pink’ apples

“…To quantify ethylene production (ηmol C 2 H 4 •kg -1 •s -1 ) and respiration (ηmol CO•kg -1 •s -1 ) rates, the apples in each replicate were packed in 4.1 L containers, with an air-tight seal, according to Brackmann et al (2017). After 30 min, a plastic syringe of 1.0 mL was used to collect three samples of air from the atmosphere of the free space from these containers.…”