Epidemiology of fowl typhoid in Haryana, India

Kumar, Tarun; Mahajan, N. K.; Rakha, N. K.

doi:10.1017/s0043933910000565

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A total of 23 Salmonella isolates were recovered from different disease outbreaks in different geographical locations of Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu [5]. 227 outbreaks of FT were recorded from January 2005 to December 2008 with percent mortality and CFR ranging from 1.27 to 6.00 and 67.09 to 76.14, respectively [2]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum, respectively in poultry are known to be closely associated with infected poultry eggs, particularly with regard to its transmission from one generation to another. These are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in commercial poultry and are responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry farmers [2]. Although, there are 2541 known serovars of Salmonella but in India, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis are the two most common serotypes identified in reported cases of salmonellosis from different sources [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India

Arora¹,

Kumar²,

Jindal³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim: The present study was investigated to ascertain the epidemiological status of fowl typhoid (FT) in broilers in some parts of Haryana during January 2011 to December 2013. Materials and Methods:To elucidate the epidemiological status of FT in broiler chickens for the 3 years (2011)(2012)(2013) and to study the prevalence of various Salmonella serovars in poultry on the basis of culture characteristics, biochemical features, serotyping, and their antibiogram profile from some parts of Haryana (India). Results: A total of 309 outbreaks of FT were recorded in chickens during this period. Overall percent morbidity, mortality, case-fatality rate (CFR) in broiler chicks due to FT during this period was 9.45, 6.77, and 71.55. The yearly observations were divided into quarters A (January-March), B (April-June), C (July-September) and D (October-December). Maximum number of outbreaks -106 (34.3%) was recorded in quarter D followed by quarters B -84 (27.3%), C -64 (20.7%), and A -55 (17.7%). Salmonella isolates (253) were recovered from disease outbreaks in broilers from different parts of Haryana. Typical morphology and colony characters on MacConkeys Lactose Agar and Brilliant Green agar, biochemical reactions, serotyping along with antibiogram profiles were able to group these isolates into 3 groups namely Salmonella Gallinarum (183), Salmonella Enteritidis (41) and Salmonella Typhimurium (29). The antibiogram pattern of 183 isolates of S. Gallinarum revealed that most of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (76%) followed by amikacin (72%), kanamycin (71%). Conclusion: FT is prevalent in commercial broiler flocks in different parts of Haryana and is responsible for considerably high morbidity and mortality in affected flocks. Isolation of S. Gallinarum (9, 12:183) from FT cases suggest it to be the primary pathogen, however, isolation of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from these cases is a major concern. The detection of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium from FT cases assumes significance from public health point of view.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India

Arora¹,

Kumar²,

Jindal³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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“…Several outbreaks of salmonellosis have been reported from India over the years [5,6] . Fowl typhoid caused by S. gallinarum is a disease affecting grower birds than older birds and much less prevalent among chicks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kumar et al established the role of hatcheries in spreading the Salmonella infection [5] . More than one third (37.8%) of hatcheries they studied were found to be infected with Salmonella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreaks of salmonellosis in three different poultry farms of Kerala, India

Rajagopal

Mini

2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…Albeit eradication programme had been successful in Europe and other Western countries via vaccination and surveillance programmes, but severe losses were suffered by pandemic outbreaks in Asia, Latin America and Africa [9,10]. The severity of FT was highlighted when a total of 227 disease outbreaks were detected in Haryana alone simply within a 4-year period, affecting 9 out of 20 districts [11]. Death rate of acute FT can range from 10-93% [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Characterization of Salmonella gallinarum Clinical Isolate and Expression of Its Antigenic Outer Membrane Protein C (ompC) Gene in planta

Pang¹,

Loh²

2015

JTLS

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Fowl typhoid's epidemiology and disease intervention have been extensively studied since 1950's owing to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Even up-to-date, outbreaks are incessantly haunting poultry industries of major continents. Salmonella gallinarum, the etiologic agent of fowl typhoid, was used to develop a series of vaccination regime. However, treatments are gradually losing effectiveness due to residual virulence from mutated strains and rapid evolution of multi-drug resistance isolates. Hence, in planta subunit vaccine production is proposed to surpass current limitations. The homotrimeric osmoporin (outer membrane protein C) is a potent candidate antigen that confers momentous stimulation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in broilers. This research signified the potential development of a plant-expressed OmpC immunogen. The project scope embarked on the identification of S. gallinarum clinical isolate, construction of expression cassette and delivery of constructs into Nicotiana benthamiana via agroinfiltration. The OmpC transcripts and proteins were detected successfully at the molecular weights of ~1.002 kbp and ~35 kDa, respectively. These preliminary findings pave the feasibility of biomanufacturing a safe and cost-effective fowl typhoid vaccine that would confer multi-protection against other significant Salmonella infections attributed to the high sequence homology of the OmpC gene. Speed improvement is demonstrated and transient expression appears to outperform conventional platforms in expediting vaccine production for an emerging pandemic strain.

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Epidemiology of fowl typhoid in Haryana, India

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India

Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India

Outbreaks of salmonellosis in three different poultry farms of Kerala, India

Partial Characterization of Salmonella gallinarum Clinical Isolate and Expression of Its Antigenic Outer Membrane Protein C (ompC) Gene in planta

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