Results suggest that DRB1*1501 might be relevant for the clinical outcome in Cop-1 treated patients and, if confirmed in larger studies, it could be helpful in the selection of RRMS patients for different therapeutic options.

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Aim: To study the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in dogs in Kerala and to identify the most prevalent serovar. Materials and Methods:A total of 205 sera collected from dogs were screened for the presence of antibodies against leptospirosis by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT).Results: A seroprevalence rate of 71.12 per cent was observed. Leptospira interrogans serovar Autumnalis was found to be the most prevalent serovar followed by Australis, Pomona, Canicola, Pyrogenes, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica and Patoc. Conclusions:incorporation of these in the vaccines because the immunity against leptospirosis is serovar specific.

Aim:The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of canine parvovirus (CPV) in fecal samples of diarrheic dogs by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochromatographic (IC) strip test and to compare the diagnostic potential of these tests.Materials and Methods:A total of 50 fecal samples collected from diarrheic dogs suspected for CPV infection were subjected to PCR using CPV-555 primer amplifying the gene coding for the VP1 protein. These samples were also tested by IC strip test using a commercial rapid Ag test kit. The results were statistically analyzed using McNemar test.Results:A total of 22 samples (44%) were detected as positive by PCR, which yielded a specific amplicon of 583 bp. In IC strip test, 18 (36%) samples were found to be positive. The sensitivity of the test as compared to PCR was found to be 72.22% and specificity was 92.86%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IC strip test was found to be 88.89% and 81.25%, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results of PCR and IC assay using McNemar test revealed no significant difference (p>0.05).Conclusion:The IC strip test could be employed as a rapid field level diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of canine parvoviral diarrhea.

The aim was to isolate and characterize Riemerella anatipestifer organisms from disease outbreaks in ducks in Kerala.Materials and Methods: Ducklings, suspected of Riemerella infection, were sacrificed and subjected to post-mortem examination. Heart blood smears and impression smears from liver and spleen were examined for the presence of pathogenic organisms. Heart blood, lung, liver, and spleen collected aseptically from the birds were subjected to isolation trials in brain heart infusion agar and 10% bovine blood agar. The isolates were characterized based on morphology, cultural characteristics and biochemical tests, and their identity were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR amplified DNA was sequenced. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of the isolates were carried out using six antibiotics viz ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole, and gentamicin.Results: Colonies suggestive of Riemerella organisms could be isolated on blood agar. Biochemical characterization and PCR confirmed the identity of isolates as R. anatipestifer. The nucleotide sequence of the PCR product showed 99% homology to the R. anatipestifer sequences in the NCBI. The antibiogram revealed that the organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin. Conclusion:The present study suggests that the PCR assay can facilitate fast and proper identification of R. anatipestifer infection in ducks. The assay can also differentiate between R. anatipestifer and Pasteurella multocida and can replace the traditional methods of differentiation which are cumbersome and time-consuming.

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ABSTRACTthe Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 plays a key role in foetal development and post natal growth. the objectives of this study were to characterise the complete coding sequence of caprine IGF1 gene in two indigenous goat breeds of India: Malabari and attappady Black, to detect polymorphisms of IGF1 gene, to investigate their effects on body size traits and to ascertain the relative expression of IGF1 mrNa in muscle tissues of goats belonging to low and high body weight groups. All the four exons of caprine IGF1 gene were amplified and characterized by PCr-SSCP in 298 goats, revealing two genotypes (CC and Ct) at exon 2. Sequencing of the PCr products from each genotype revealed a novel SNP, g.80C>t (GenBank accession No. kM974180), which caused a non-synonymous mutation (thr48Met),causing differences in IGF1 protein structure. association analysis of the loci indicated Ct genotypes have higher body length (P<0.01), chest circumference (P<0.01) and body length index (P<0.05) than CC genotypes. two novel PCr-rFLPs were designed for the rapid detection of the genotypes. the quantitative real time PCr demonstrated a difference in the expression of IGF1 mrNa in muscle tissues of the low and high body weight groups, but it was not significant (P>0.05). The results of the *Corresponding author: Dr. Naicy thomas, M.V.Sc., PhD, assis. Prof., Department of animal Breeding, Genetics and Biostatistics, College of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Mannuthy, thrissur-680651, kerala, India, Phone: +91 94 4611 9307; e-mail: naicy@kvasu.ac.in 458Vet. arhiv 87 (4), [457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469][470][471][472] 2017 t. Naicy et al.: association of IGF1 gene polymorphism with phenotypic variants in goats present study suggest that the alleles of the IGF1 gene could be considered as strong targets for improvement of growth traits in goats.