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A 21-kDa leptospiral lipoprotein (LipL21) was evaluated for its diagnostic potential to detect bovine leptospirosis by ELISA. Both native LipL21 (nLipL21) and recombinant LipL21 (rLipL21) proteins were tested and compared regarding diagnostic efficiency, and no statistically significant difference was observed. The sensitivity of rLipL21 ELISA for 62 microscopic agglutination test (MAT) positive sera was 100% and the specificity with 378 MAT negative sera was 97.09%. Thus, rLipL21 protein-based ELISA could be used as an alternative to MAT for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis.

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ABSTRACTthe Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 plays a key role in foetal development and post natal growth. the objectives of this study were to characterise the complete coding sequence of caprine IGF1 gene in two indigenous goat breeds of India: Malabari and attappady Black, to detect polymorphisms of IGF1 gene, to investigate their effects on body size traits and to ascertain the relative expression of IGF1 mrNa in muscle tissues of goats belonging to low and high body weight groups. All the four exons of caprine IGF1 gene were amplified and characterized by PCr-SSCP in 298 goats, revealing two genotypes (CC and Ct) at exon 2. Sequencing of the PCr products from each genotype revealed a novel SNP, g.80C>t (GenBank accession No. kM974180), which caused a non-synonymous mutation (thr48Met),causing differences in IGF1 protein structure. association analysis of the loci indicated Ct genotypes have higher body length (P<0.01), chest circumference (P<0.01) and body length index (P<0.05) than CC genotypes. two novel PCr-rFLPs were designed for the rapid detection of the genotypes. the quantitative real time PCr demonstrated a difference in the expression of IGF1 mrNa in muscle tissues of the low and high body weight groups, but it was not significant (P>0.05). The results of the *Corresponding author: Dr. Naicy thomas, M.V.Sc., PhD, assis. Prof., Department of animal Breeding, Genetics and Biostatistics, College of Veterinary and animal Sciences, Mannuthy, thrissur-680651, kerala, India, Phone: +91 94 4611 9307; e-mail: naicy@kvasu.ac.in 458Vet. arhiv 87 (4), [457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469][470][471][472] 2017 t. Naicy et al.: association of IGF1 gene polymorphism with phenotypic variants in goats present study suggest that the alleles of the IGF1 gene could be considered as strong targets for improvement of growth traits in goats.

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Paratuberculosis is one of the chronic granulomatous enteritis that predominantly affects ruminants world wide, caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In ruminants, microsatellite polymorphisms of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the solute carrier family 11 member A1 (SLC11A1) gene were associated with resistance to intracellular pathogen infections. This research was carried out to detect the polymorphisms in A and B regions of the 3'UTR of SLC11A1 gene and to evaluate the potential association between these polymorphisms and MAP infection in goats. MAP-specific antibodies were detected by ELISA and MAP infection was confirmed by IS900 PCR in 150 adult goats from different regions of Kerala, India. The polymorphism of microsatellite regions A and B at 3'UTR of the SLC11A1 gene was analysed in goats by an automated technique, fragment analysis, using fluorescent-tagged forward primers. Eight alleles with sizes ranging from 221 to 239 bp were found in region A. Region B revealed two alleles, 117 bp (B₇) and 119 bp (B₈). Animals with B₈ alleles were found to have higher incidence of paratuberculosis than animals with B₇ alleles (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant association found between region A genotypes and paratuberculosis incidence. These results suggest that caprine SLC11A1 gene has significant role in paratuberculosis resistance in goats and further studies might help in development of a PCR-based genotyping test for paratuberculosis resistance and selection of superior animals for future goat breeding programmes.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays an important role in growth, reproduction, foetal development and cell proliferation. The present study was conducted to clone and sequence the full-length coding sequence of the caprine IGF1 gene from Attappady Black and Malabari breeds, two indigenous goat breeds of south India, to analyse its structure, and to ascertain the relative abundance of IGF1 mRNA in different tissues. The caprine IGF1 cDNA (GenBank accession nos: KJ549851 and KJ549852) contained a 465-bp open reading frame encoding IGF1 protein with 154 amino acid residues. A novel SNP was detected in the 3'UTR region, g.931A>G. Genotyping was performed in 277 goats from the two genetic groups using the PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and two genotypes, AA and AG were observed at this locus. IGF1 is a secretary pathway protein with 49 amino acid-long signal peptide with 19 phosphorylation sites. Caprine IGF1 amino acid sequence was 83-99% identical to other species with highest identity with the ruminants. Relative expression of IGF1 was highest in uterus and liver (P < 0.05), followed by oviduct and muscle. This work provided an important experimental basis for further research on the functions of IGF1 in goats.

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