Prevalence and epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum from poultry in some parts of Haryana, India

Abstract

Aim: The present study was investigated to ascertain the epidemiological status of fowl typhoid (FT) in broilers in some parts of Haryana during January 2011 to December 2013. Materials and Methods:To elucidate the epidemiological status of FT in broiler chickens for the 3 years (2011)(2012)(2013) and to study the prevalence of various Salmonella serovars in poultry on the basis of culture characteristics, biochemical features, serotyping, and their antibiogram profile from some parts of Haryana (India). Results: A total of 309 outbreaks of FT were recorded in chickens during this period. Overall percent morbidity, mortality, case-fatality rate (CFR) in broiler chicks due to FT during this period was 9.45, 6.77, and 71.55. The yearly observations were divided into quarters A (January-March), B (April-June), C (July-September) and D (October-December). Maximum number of outbreaks -106 (34.3%) was recorded in quarter D followed by quarters B -84 (27.3%), C -64 (20.7%), and A -55 (17.7%). Salmonella isolates (253) were recovered from disease outbreaks in broilers from different parts of Haryana. Typical morphology and colony characters on MacConkeys Lactose Agar and Brilliant Green agar, biochemical reactions, serotyping along with antibiogram profiles were able to group these isolates into 3 groups namely Salmonella Gallinarum (183), Salmonella Enteritidis (41) and Salmonella Typhimurium (29). The antibiogram pattern of 183 isolates of S. Gallinarum revealed that most of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin (76%) followed by amikacin (72%), kanamycin (71%). Conclusion: FT is prevalent in commercial broiler flocks in different parts of Haryana and is responsible for considerably high morbidity and mortality in affected flocks. Isolation of S. Gallinarum (9, 12:183) from FT cases suggest it to be the primary pathogen, however, isolation of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis from these cases is a major concern. The detection of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium from FT cases assumes significance from public health point of view.

Salmonella from Farm to Table: Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella from Commercial Broiler Supply Chain and Its Environment

“…We found that the prevalence of Salmonella enterica was higher in isolates from RMS samples, followed by hatcheries and CBF. Similar finding was reported in China [ 38 ], Egypt [ 39 ], and Haryana, India [ 40 ].…”

Pathomorphological changes in the organs of chickens infected spontaneously by the species Salmonella pullorum on private farms in Chernivtsi region

“…Our research results correlate with the reports of other scientists (Basu et al, 1975;Arora et al, 2015), who recorded 89.5% of poultry deaths in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu caused by microorganisms of the species S. pullorum. Clinical manifestations of the disease, such as depression, anorexia, greenish-yellow diarrhea, and nervous phenomena in the form of the head tilt were detected in 2001 during the salmonellosis outbreak in the state of Tripura in eastern India.…”

First report of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis in broiler litter in Tolima, Colombia

“…Likewise, in the β-lactam group, 100% resistance to cefotaxime was found, similar to the percentages reported in S. Infantis strains in Ecuador (87.5-99%) and Egypt, Korea, and Serbia (78.9-100%) [31,[46][47][48]. In S. Gallinarum isolates, resistance up to 85% was reported in India [49]. This resistance may be associated with cross-resistance caused by using other cephalosporins in poultry farming, such as ceftiofur [50,51], which is an antibiotic to which all strains in this study were also resistant.…”