Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity

Olinto, Maria Teresa Anselmo; Theodoro, Heloísa; Canuto, Raquel

doi:10.5772/65342

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…One may expect the urban population and the population belonging to the higher wealth quintiles to face a higher risk of diabetes due to the lifestyle related factors and increased access to calorie dense foods across different subpopulations. Reviewing the available literature, Olinto et al [22] find that socioeconomic status in terms of higher income and wealth are associated with higher obesity among men. The socioeconomic status and urban lifestyle factors may affect diabetes status through higher BMI levels, therefore, we also examine the heterogeneity in the effect of BMI on diabetes across different subgroups of the population based on gender (male and female), regions (rural and urban) and wealth quintiles (poorest and richest).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India

Gupta

Bansal

2020

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundOvernutrition increases the risk of diabetes. Evidence on the causal impact of overnutrition on diabetes is scarce for India. Considering a representative sample from India, this study examines the causal effect of a rise in the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual on the likelihood of being diabetic while addressing the issue of unobserved endogeneity between overnutrition and diabetes. MethodsThe study considers individual level data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of India, namely, National Family Health Survey (NFHS) for the year 2015-16. The NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India. The survey covers females having age 15-49 years and males having age 15-54 years. The instrument variable approach is used to address the potential endogeneity in the relationship between BMI and diabetes. We instrument BMI of an individual by BMI of a non-biologically related household member. Ordered Probit, Probit and IV-Probit models are estimated using two alternative definitions for measuring diabetes-self-reported diabetes status and blood glucose levels (ordinal measure). ResultsThe coefficients obtained from the Ordered Probit and Probit models are much smaller than those estimated by an IV-Probit model. The latter estimates the causal impact of a rise in BMI on diabetes by taking into account the effect of the unobserved genetic and other related factors. The likelihood of being diabetic is twice or more among the overweight and obese individuals as compared to non-overweight individuals in all the specifications. With a unit increase in BMI the probability of being diabetic increases by about 1.5% among overweight and obese individuals and by 0.5% among the non-overweight individuals in the IV-Probit model. Similar results from the Ordered Probit model show that on average, the overweight and obese individuals experience about 0.2% increase in the probability of being diabetic and about 0.4% increase in the probability of being prediabetic. PLOS ONEPLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the likelihood of being both prediabetic and diabetic is higher among the overweight and obese individuals as compared to the non-overweight individuals. We also find that the level of risk of being prediabetic or diabetic differs across gender, wealth quintiles and regions and the effects are more severe among population in the urban areas, belonging to the richest wealth quintile and men. Our findings have significant implications for the policy formulation as diabetes has a substantial health and economic burden associated with it. Future studies may investigate the effect of abdominal obesity on diabetes. PLOS ONEDoes a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes? PLOS ONE | https://doi.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India

Gupta

Bansal

2020

PLoS ONE

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“…Worldwide have faced a growing “epidemic” of abdominal obesity (AO). 8 The prevalence of this form of obesity is growing extremely in industrialized countries as well as in unindustrialized countries. 9 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include genetic factors, socio-economic factors, behavioral and environmental factors. 8 Disbursement of body fat is known to be a more independent and potent factor of disease and death, than total adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Obesity and Associated Factors Among Urban Adults in Dire Dawa Administrative City, Eastern Ethiopia

Israel¹,

Hassen²,

Markos³

et al. 2022

DMSO

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Background Central obesity (CO) is a medical problem in which extra fat is accumulated in the abdomen and stomach extent that it may harm health. Furthermore, previous studies in Ethiopia predominantly relied on body mass index used to measure obesity and do not show distribution of fat. However, there is a paucity of information on the measurement of central obesity using waist circumference and associated factors in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of central obesity and associated factors among urban adults in Dire Dawa, administrative city, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 633 adults in selected kebeles of administrative city from October 15 to November 15, 2020. A multistage and systematic sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Central obesity is defined as a condition with waist circumference ≥83.7 cm for men and ≥78 cm for women with or without general obesity (GO). Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify factors associated with central obesity using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of central obesity was 76.1%; at 95% CI (73%, 80%). Associated factors of central obesity were age 45 years and above [AOR = 3.75, 95% CI (1.86, 7.55)], being female [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: (1.62, 3.94)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.69, 4.05], physical inactivity [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: (1.23, 3.42)], and two hour and more time spent on watching television [AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: (1.59, 6.82)]. Conclusion The study shows central obesity was high in the study area. Age 45 years and above, being females, married, physically inactive, alcohol consumption, and spending a long time watching television was associated with central obesity. Having regular physical activity, limiting alcohol drinking, and limiting time spent watching television were recommended to prevent central obesity and associated risk among adults.

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“…Visceral abdominal fats (VAF) are metabolically active with chronic low-grade inflammation occurred and presents a higher cardiometabolic risk association than the body mass index (BMI). (4) Abdominal obesity also known as central obesity with the recent global prevalence based on a meta-analysis was 41.5% which is higher than obesity prevalence. (5) Central obesity directly associated with increased VAF and it is also become a potential risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Biomarkers for Predicting Pancreatic Beta Cell Failure in Central Obesity

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: There is a continuous rise in the prevalence of central obesity and become a pressing health problem in the world. Central obesity followed by many metabolic disorders especially Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis started from overnutrition signal that force pancreatic beta cells to produce a large number of insulin. Low-grade chronic inflammation that occurred also affects the organs sensitivity against insulin and caused beta cells to compensated this situation and at the end become exhausted and loss its function.CONTENT: Along compensation mechanism, certain nutrients were support the beta cells to maintain their mass and function to produce insulin. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbiota fermentation product that act as nutrient and give an advantage to the proliferation and survivability of the beta cells. Zinc (Zn) also plays an important role in every step of insulin production. Moreover, these nutrients protecting pancreas against inflammation and oxidative stress through certain mechanism. Most of patients with central obesity are unaware of the presence of this disturbance at early stage. Whereas, at molecular level there is a magnitude of SCFAs and Zn level in the blood that would become an early signal and predict the damage of beta cells.SUMMARY: Quantification of these two nutrients in the blood expected to provide an early warning tool to maintain insulin adequacy and predict the possibility of beta cell failure in central obesity with promising performance.KEYWORDS: central obesity, T2DM, SCFAs, Zinc, beta cell failure

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Epidemiology of Abdominal Obesity

Cited by 8 publications

References 116 publications

Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India

Does a rise in BMI cause an increased risk of diabetes?: Evidence from India

Central Obesity and Associated Factors Among Urban Adults in Dire Dawa Administrative City, Eastern Ethiopia

Nutritional Biomarkers for Predicting Pancreatic Beta Cell Failure in Central Obesity

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