Nutritional Biomarkers for Predicting Pancreatic Beta Cell Failure in Central Obesity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is a continuous rise in the prevalence of central obesity and become a pressing health problem in the world. Central obesity followed by many metabolic disorders especially Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The pathogenesis started from overnutrition signal that force pancreatic beta cells to produce a large number of insulin. Low-grade chronic inflammation that occurred also affects the organs sensitivity against insulin and caused beta cells to compensated this situation and at the end become exhausted and loss its function.CONTENT: Along compensation mechanism, certain nutrients were support the beta cells to maintain their mass and function to produce insulin. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbiota fermentation product that act as nutrient and give an advantage to the proliferation and survivability of the beta cells. Zinc (Zn) also plays an important role in every step of insulin production. Moreover, these nutrients protecting pancreas against inflammation and oxidative stress through certain mechanism. Most of patients with central obesity are unaware of the presence of this disturbance at early stage. Whereas, at molecular level there is a magnitude of SCFAs and Zn level in the blood that would become an early signal and predict the damage of beta cells.SUMMARY: Quantification of these two nutrients in the blood expected to provide an early warning tool to maintain insulin adequacy and predict the possibility of beta cell failure in central obesity with promising performance.KEYWORDS: central obesity, T2DM, SCFAs, Zinc, beta cell failure

Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 is Associated with Total Daily Dose of Insulin Requirement in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

“…The main function of insulin as an anabolic hormone that play role in inducing lipogenesis, inhibiting protein catabolism, and resulting lipid accumulation. (21,22) Intensity of insulin therapy, type of insulin and physical inactivity in T1D increase the risk of obesity. (21) In this study, the prevalence of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies was 78.7% in T1D Indonesian children in concordance with the high prevalence of anti-GAD65 in T1D children reported in Western countries, 73.2% in the US and 86% in Europe.…”

Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 Improves Pancreatic Histopathology in Streptozotocin-induced Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats

“…(26,27) Currently, it is known that L. acidophilus able to modulate the gut microbiota, thereby increasing SCFAsmediated activation of nutrient sensor G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPR)41 and GPR43 in pancreatic islets. (28) The activation of the receptor GPR43 increases the secretion of GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells, which function to stimulate insulin gene transcription, growth islet cells, neogenesis, thereby helping to improve the state of diabetes with pancreatic cell damage, so that L. acidophilus has an indirect effect on improving insulitis levels. (10) In this study, two doses of probiotic were administered in order to compare the effects on pancreas histopathology.…”

The Performance of Glycated Hemoglobin vs. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in the Diagnosis of Glycemic Disorders among Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Southern Iraq

“…(25) Those overweight/obese PCOS were significantly having a higher mean 2-h OGTT and more glycemic disorders (IGT=18.2%, T2DM=3%) diagnosed by 2-h OGTT than lean PCOS. This high rate of obesity and IR in relatively young women could be attributed, in part to a modern lifestyle with sedentary habit and consuming a carbohydrate rich diet that is furthermore leading to increase in prevalence of PCOS and diabetes throughout the world (25,26). Surprisingly, prediabetes was diagnosed in nearly 10% of lean PCOS by 2-h OGTT.…”