Objetivo: Identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com o estado menopáusico.Métodos: Estudo transversal com 646 mulheres em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência e cinco padrões alimentares foram identificados através da análise de componentes principais. O estado menopáusico foi classificado em pré-menopausa, perimenopausa e pós-menopausa.Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco padrões alimentares: frutas e verduras, brasileiro (arroz, feijão e leite), lanches (bolo, xis, pizza, cuca), prudente (peixe, suco natural, pão integral e sopa de legumes) e regional (alimentos típicos na serra gaúcha como carnes vermelhas, aipim e massas). Após ajuste para características sociodemográficas, não verificou-se associação significativa entre o estado menopáusico e os padrões alimentares. Apenas idade, escolaridade e renda mostraram-se associadas com padrões alimentares.Conclusão: Foram identificados cinco padrões alimentares que descreveram o consumo alimentar da população estudada, sendo estes semelhantes ao indicado como ideal para a população brasileira. Nossos achados indicam que o padrão alimentar das mulheres no climatério possui influência significativa da idade, escolaridade e renda e que não sofre influência do estado menopáusico.

A síndrome metabólica é um transtorno complexo, caracterizado por um agrupamento de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Sugere-se que a fase da transição menopáusica possa ser um determinante importante no aumento da prevalência da síndrome metabólica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica e dos seus componentes na transição menopáusica. Três revisores fizeram a busca dos artigos na base de dados do PubMed. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada usando-se o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). Com base nos estudos analisados, a prevalência de síndrome metabólica aumenta na comparação do período da pré para a pós-menopausa, independentemente da população e do delineamento do estudo. Quanto aos componentes, a alteração foi mais expressiva nas medidas de circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial. Sugere-se que esses componentes sejam os que exercem maior influência na prevalência de síndrome metabólica.

Characteristics of reproductive life may have a strong influence on body fat buildup in women during the menopausal transition.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between work-related stress and obesity among female shift workers. Additionally, we also aimed to test the interaction between shift work and work-related stress in this association. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Brazilian female shift workers. Work-related stress was assessed through a demand–control questionnaire (Job Stress Scale). Work-related stress was defined by presence of high psychological demands and low control at work. The obesity cases were defined as those with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or more. Multivariate Poisson regression with robust variance was used to obtain the prevalence ratios (PRs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Setting: A group of industries located in southern Brazil in 2017. Participants: 420 female workers aged 18–59 years. Results: The overall prevalence of obesity was 30% (95% CI: 25.6 to 34.4) and the presence of work-related stress was identified in 24% (95% CI: 19.9 to 28.1) of the sample. We found an indication of interaction between work-related stress and night shift work on obesity (P = 0.026). After adjusting for confounding factors, work-related stress was associated with a 71% greater probability of obesity (PR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02 to 2.87; P = 0.042) among female night shift workers. Conclusions: In this study, we revealed that exposure to work-related stress and night shift work were associated with obesity among female shift workers. Furthermore, the prevalence of obesity was high among female shift workers.

Depression is characterized by physical or psychological distress and in many cases can lead to suicide. Objective: to assess the prevalence of depression and its possible relationship with dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and nutritional parameters in climacteric women participating in an extension university program in a Southern Brazilian city. Methods: data were obtained through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Diet was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the intensity of symptoms of depression. Results: DTAC of the population ranged from 435.60 to 4502.62 mg VCE/day. Among the most consumed antioxidant food/beverages, coffee ranked highest. Polyphenols were found to be directly linked to the antioxidant capacity of fresh foods (r=0.905; p=0.0001). Prevalence of depression in the population was 44%, and depressed women had lower intake levels of polyphenols (p=0.022; Cohen's d=0.80), and vitamin B6 (p=0.038; Cohen's d=0.65), vitamin A (p=0.044; Cohen's d =0.63), and vitamin C (p=0.050; Cohen's d =0.61). There was a significant negative correlation between BDI scores and polyphenol intake (r=-0.700; p=0.002). Conclusion: these results may contribute to a better understanding of the recommended dietary antioxidant intake as an adjuvant for preventing depression in women.

RESUMo O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar o estado nutricional e a autopercepção corporal de frequentadores de academias de Caxias do Sul. A amostra foi composta por 87 homens, na faixa etária entre 20 e 25 anos. Para o diagnóstico do estado nutricional foi feita a análise da adequação da ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes -vitaminas A, C e E, cálcio, ferro, selênio e zinco, por meio do método recordatório de 24 horas, além da caracterização do perfil antropométrico e da autopercepção corporal, que foi avaliada através de um questionário com questões fechadas e escalas de silhuetas. Para análise estatística foram utilizadas análise descritiva e o teste t de Student pareado. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significantes. Os resultados indicaram que a alimentação dessa população foi caracterizada como normoglicídica, hiperlipídica e hiperproteica; o consumo de suplementos foi de 29,9%, sendo a maioria à base de proteínas. Quanto aos micronutrientes, mostrou adequação em selênio, zinco e ferro e inadequação em vitaminas A, C e E, e cálcio. Apenas 19,5% dos indivíduos ingeriram o recomendado desse mineral por dia. O percentual de gordura corporal dos praticantes de musculação (14,08 ± 4,25%) foi classificado como dentro da média. Em relação à autopercepção corporal, a maioria deseja ter uma silhueta igual a ou maior que a representada por um indivíduo eutrófico. Essa população apresenta importantes inadequações nutricionais, sendo ou não decorrente do objetivo de ganho de massa muscular, necessitando assim de orientação nutricional.Palavras-chave: nutrição, composição e imagem corporal, frequentadores de academia. aBStRaCtThe aim of this study was to diagnose the nutritional status and self-perception of health club goers of Caxias do Sul. The sample was composed of 87 men, aged 20-25 years. The diagnosis of the nutritional status was determined through analysis of suitability of macronutrients and micronutrients -vitamin A, C and E, calcium, iron, selenium and zinc by a 24h-questionnaire with closed questions and body silhouette scales. Statistical analysis was by descriptive analysis and paired Student's t test. Significant values were p < 0.05. Results have shown that diet in this population was normoglycidic, hyperlipidic and hyperproteic; supplements consumption was of 29.9%, being its majority protein-based. Concerning macronutrients, selenium, zinc and iron were suitable, and vitamins A, C and E and calcium were deficient. Only 19.5% of the individuals ingested the calcium daily recommendation. The body fat percentage of the bodybuilding practitioners (14.08 ± 4.25%) was classified as within the average. Concerning body self-perception, most of the subjects want to have a silhouette equal or bigger than the eutrophic model. This population presents important nutritional inadequacies, being these derived or not from the aim to gain muscular mass. Therefore, it is necessary that it receives nutritional guidance.Keywords: nutrition, body composition and image, health club goers. CiênCiaS ...

Abdominal obesity (AO) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. AO is a multifactorial disorder arising from genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Thus, in this chapter, we devote ourselves to the exercise of trying to explain the epidemiology of AO in adults. We showed the increasing prevalence of AO around the world, and a gender difference in this determination was observed. Among women, the population group who is the most affected by AO, a higher prevalence of AO is observed in individuals living in low-or middle-income countries (LMIC), who are older, multiparous, and in the menopausal transition, and who belong to the poorest strata and have lower educational level. While among men, the risk of AO is positively associated with socioeconomic status, particularly in LMIC. Regarding behavioral factors (eating frequency, sleep duration, physical activity, and smoking), gender differences are difficult to be detected due to the lack of studies investigating their association with AO according to sex. However, the current evidence suggests that men benefit more from consuming a greater number of meals a day and women are more affected by the harmful effects of physical inactivity. We argued AO, despite biological conditions associated with behavior factors, should be examined as an important issue of gender inequality in health, possibly mediated by socioeconomic and behavioral differences between men and women.

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