“…where 𝑞 is the unit charge, 𝑘 is the Boltzmann constant, 𝑇 is the absolute temperature, 𝑅 P is the parallel resistance, 𝑅 S is the series resistance, and 𝐼 S is the saturation current. [12,13] In our devices, the numerical values of the parallel resistance 𝑅 P are in the order of 10 11 , which is several orders greater than the value of 𝑅 S . Thus, we can ignore the effects of 𝑉 /𝑅 P and 𝑅 S /𝑅 P when calculating the ideality factor, and…”