Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies

Ungru, Julia; Blüher, Matthias; Coenen, Manfred; Raila, Jens; Boston, Raymond C.; Vervuert, Ingrid

doi:10.1136/vr.100911

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…While circulating inflammatory cytokines are fairly consistently elevated in horses with obesity and/or insulin dysregulation, studies of adipose tissue have generally been less consistent, though most studies have used subcutaneous depots [15][16][17][18]. Similar to other species [27], adipocyte hypertrophy in horses in this study was accompanied by increased expression of the adipokine leptin and the inflammatory cytokines TNFa, IL1b and CCL2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome

Reynolds

Keen

Fordham

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryBackgroundObesity is a common feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). In other species, obese adipose tissue shows pathological features such as adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and impaired insulin signalling all of which contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation. Such adipose tissue dysfunction has not been investigated in horses.ObjectivesTo determine if obese horses with EMS have adipose tissue dysfunction characterised by adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and altered insulin signalling.Study designCross‐sectional post‐mortem study.MethodsSamples of peri‐renal (visceral) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were obtained at post‐mortem from healthy horses (n = 9) and horses with EMS (n = 6). Samples were analysed to determine average adipocyte size, fibrotic content and expression of inflammatory and insulin signalling genes.ResultsHorses with metabolic syndrome showed marked adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of adipokines (leptin) and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα,IL1β and CCL2) in both adipose tissue depots compared to healthy horses. There were no differences in fibrosis or expression of genes relating to insulin signalling between the groups.Main limitationsCases used in this study had advanced EMS and may represent the end stage of the condition; the design of the study is such that we were unable to relate the identified adipose tissue dysfunction to whole body insulin dysregulation.ConclusionsHorses with obesity and EMS have significant dysfunction of the peri‐renal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue that may contribute to whole body insulin dysregulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome

Reynolds

Keen

Fordham

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…See Figure 1 for remainder of key. [5][6][7] Nevertheless, in an aforementioned study 5 of obese ponies, only approximately 50% of the ponies were IR before weight reduction, 5 which suggests that obesity is not always linked to IR in horses. in horses with moderate IR by use of a diet low in starch and sugar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin resistant horses

Lindåse¹,

Nostell²,

Müller³

et al. 2016

ajvr

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“…However, considering the faithful fulfilment of the original scale described by Henneke et al (1983), the results confirm that the scores to designate these two body categories (obese and overweight) should be raised at least in Andalusian horses. Previous studies in which the conventional body scoring system has been utilized, obese horses have been described using different cutoff values (Gentry et al, 2002;Hoffman et al, 2003;Gentry et al, 2004;Buff et al, 2006;Frank et al, 2006;Vick et al, 2006;Waller et al, 2006;Ungru et al, 2012). This lack of consensus among different researches to define obesity stands out the relevance of these results where based strictly on an objective appraisal of the body condition (SFT ultrasonography) and in accordance with a quantitative corroborated obesity variable (%BF) it has been possible to fix concrete cut-off values adjusted to a specific breed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

Martin‐Giménez

Aguirre-Pascasio

Blas

2018

Span. j. agric. res.

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Body condition scoring (BCS) is an indirect measure of the level of subcutaneous fat; however, by measuring the subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFT), the precision of the degree of fatness assessment is improved. The aims were: 1) to develop an alternative body fat scoring index (BFSI) based on ultrasonographic measurements; 2) to assess the agreement between BCS and the new index applied to Andalusian horses; 3) to adjust the BCS cut-off values (if necessary) for overweight and obesity in this breed. One hundred and sixtysix Andalusian horses were included in this cross sectional study. On each horse, BCS, body fat percentage (BF%) and ultrasonography of SFT at localized deposits were evaluated. According to BFSI five possible body categories were established. Only one horse (0.6%) was classified as emaciated, 9.0% as thin, 74.7% as normal, 11.4% as overweight and 4.2% as obese. Despite higher BCS and SFT values were observed compared to other breeds, most of the horses evaluated presented a normal body condition under the new BFSI. BCS and BFSI were significantly associated (p<0.001), however, the concordance was low (weighted Cohen's kappa coefficient, 0.262 ± 0.071; p=0.004). Using BFSI, obese horses had significantly greater BF% than the rest of categories (p<0.001). BCS showed a good diagnostic accuracy for detection overweight (AUC = 0.759 ± 0.055; p<0.001) and obese (AUC = 0.878 ± 0.050; p=0.001) horses; redefining the cut-off values for overweight and obesity condition as 7.5/9 and 8.5/9 respectively in Andalusian horses.Additional keywords: ultrasonography; subcutaneous fat deposits; objective score; adiposity; obesity; index. Abbreviations used: AUC (area under the curve); BMI (body mass index); BCS (body condition score); BFSI (body fat scoring index); ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve); SFT (subcutaneous fat thickness); SFT-N25% (SFT over the first third of the neck-length); SFT-N50% (SFT over the second third of the neck-length); SFT-N75% (SFT over the last third of the neck-length); SFT-S (SFT behind the shoulder); SFT-Rb (SFT over the ribs); SFT-R (SFT over the rump); SFT-TH (SFT over the tailhead); BF% (body fat percentage).

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Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome

Adipose tissue dysfunction in obese horses with equine metabolic syndrome

Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin resistant horses

Development of an index based on ultrasonographic measurements for the objective appraisal of body condition in Andalusian horses

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