Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin resistant horses

Lindåse, Sanna; Nostell, Katarina; Müller, Cecilia E.; Jensen-Waern, Marianne; Bröjer, Johan

doi:10.2460/ajvr.77.3.300

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Increasing energy intake to twice the energy requirement, thereby inducing weight gain (up to 20%), led to a similar outcome in initially nonobese horses (BCS < 7/9). Thus, ID increased in horses fed a concentrate rich in sugar and starch, 6 but not in those fed a fat‐rich diet 7‐9 . These findings suggest that a limited amount of weight gain alone does not trigger ID.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of long‐term overfeeding of a high‐energy diet on glucose tolerance in Shetland pony mares

Fonseca

Gibson

Doorn

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Overfeeding is associated with obesity and insulin dysregulation (ID), which are both risk factors for equine metabolic syndrome. How chronic overfeeding affects development of these factors is poorly understood.Objectives: To examine the influence of long-term high-energy diet provision on body condition and ID.Animals: Eleven Shetland pony mares. Methods:In a 3-phase study, the high-energy group (n = 7) was fed 200% of net energy (NE) requirements (hay; concentrate: 36% sugar and starch, 13% fat) for 24 weeks, followed by 17 weeks hay-only feeding before resuming the high-energy diet (n = 4) for an additional 29 weeks. Mares were weighed weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed 3 to 4 times per dietary period. Results were compared with those of a control group (phase 1, n = 4; phases 2 and 3, n = 6) that received 100% NE requirements, using a general linear mixed model with post hoc Bonferroni testing.Results: The mean body weight of the high-energy group increased by 27% per highenergy feeding period. During both feeding periods, area under the curve (AUC) for plasma glucose concentration decreased (P < .01), whereas AUC for plasma insulin concentration increased. Mean basal plasma glucose concentration and peak plasma insulin concentrations were higher (P < .05) in the high-energy group than in the control group.Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Feeding a high-energy diet to healthy nonobese Shetland pony mares led to more efficient glucose metabolism within 5 weeks, followed by significant hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Hyperinsulinemic status was

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of long‐term overfeeding of a high‐energy diet on glucose tolerance in Shetland pony mares

Fonseca

Gibson

Doorn

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…On the morning of the following day blood samples for the determination of baseline concentrations of plasma glucose and plasma insulin were drawn from one of the intravenous catheters immediately before (−10, −5, and −1 min) the start of the EHC. The EHC technique has previously been described for use in horses [ 17 , 18 ]. Briefly, a continuous rate infusion of glucose (Glucose Fresenius Kabi 500 mg/ml, Fresenius Kabi AB, Uppsala, Sweden) and recombinant human insulin (Humulin Regular, Eli Lilly Sweden AB, Solna, Sweden) was initiated through one of the jugular catheters, using a multi-channel volumetric infusion pump (Colleague, Volumetric infusion pump, Baxter Healthcare SA, Zurich, Switzerland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The M/I ratio was calculated for each 20-min interval where M is the mean glucose infusion rate and I is the plasma insulin concentration for the interval. The M/I 60 is the mean of the three M/I ratios during steady state [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified oral sugar test for evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in horses

2016

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BackgroundAn oral sugar test (OST) using Karo® Light Corn Syrup has been developed in the USA as a field test for the assessment of insulin dysregulation in horses but the syrup is not available in Scandinavian grocery stores. The aim of the study was to compare the results of a modified OST between horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and healthy horses using a Scandinavian commercially available glucose syrup (Dansukker glykossirap). In addition, the effect of breed and the repeatability of the test were evaluated. In the present study, clinically healthy horses (7 Shetland ponies, 8 Icelandic horses, 8 Standardbred horses) and 20 horses of various breeds with EMS underwent the modified OST test. The Icelandic horses and Shetland ponies underwent the OST twice. Insulin and glucose data from the OST were used to calculate peak insulin concentration (PeakINS), time to peak insulin concentration (T-peakINS), area under the curve for insulin (AUCINS) and glucose (AUCGLU) as well as whole body insulin sensitivity index (ISICOMP).ResultsCompared to the healthy group, the EMS group had 6–7 times higher geometric mean for PeakINS and AUCINS and 8 times lower geometric mean for ISICOMP. The EMS group had a delayed T-peakINS compared to the healthy group. There was no effect of breed in the group of healthy horses on PeakINS, T-peakINS, AUCINS, AUCGLU and ISICOMP. Coefficient of variation for repeated tests was 19.8, 19.0 and 17.6 % for PeakINS, AUCINS and ISICOMP respectively.ConclusionsThe results of the present study demonstrate that the modified OST appears to be a practical and useful diagnostic tool for assessment of insulin dysregulation in the horse. However, to make it possible to establish the most appropriate sampling interval and to evaluate the accuracy of the modified OST, further studies in horses with a variable degree of insulin resistance are needed, where results from the modified OST are compared with quantitative measurements for IS.

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“…The first 120 min of the EHC was considered an equilibration period. Insulin stimulated mean glucose disposal rate (M) was calculated during steady-state after space correction as previously described [20,21]. The insulin sensitivity during steady-state (SI CLAMP ) was calculated as follows:…”

Section: Euglycaemic Hyperinsulinaemic Clampmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome

Nostell

Lindåse

Edberg

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background There is little evidence that horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) have higher resting blood pressures than horses with normal insulin sensitivity. However, there are indications that EMS horses have an altered dynamic response to the cardiovascular effects of insulin. Objectives To examine heart rate and the systemic blood pressure response in EMS and control horses during insulin infusion. Study design Cross‐sectional study. Methods Horses were examined with an oral sugar test (OST) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC). Based on the results from the OST, the horses were classified as either EMS or control. Blood pressure was measured before the start of the EHC and at 60, 120 and 180 min of the EHC. Results There were 16 EMS and 12 control horses. Mean resting heart rate was higher for EMS horses compared with control (35.6 ± 5.1 vs. 30.3 ± 3.5 beats/min). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure did not differ between groups at the start of the EHC. Blood pressure decreased gradually during the EHC in the control group, whereas the EMS group showed no decline in systolic, diastolic or mean arterial pressure. Main limitations Limited number of horses. Conclusions Horses with EMS have cardiovascular changes that affect resting heart rate and systemic blood pressure during insulin infusion.

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Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin resistant horses

Abstract: Findings indicated that dietary composition played a more important role than did short-term weight gain on alterations in insulin sensitivity of horses.

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of long‐term overfeeding of a high‐energy diet on glucose tolerance in Shetland pony mares

Effect of long‐term overfeeding of a high‐energy diet on glucose tolerance in Shetland pony mares

A modified oral sugar test for evaluation of insulin and glucose dynamics in horses

The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome

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