Effects of 1.25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol and Hydroalcoholic Extract of Withania Coagulans Fruit on Bone Mineralization and Mechanical and Histological Properties of Male Broiler Chickens

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Withania coagulans (WC) fruit and 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1.25-(OH) 2 D 3 ) on bone mineralization, mechanical and histological properties of male broiler chickens at 21 and 42 d of age. A total of six hundred male day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 2×3×2 factorial arrangement with 12 treatments of five replicates of 10 birds each. Treatments consisted of two basal diets (positive control with adequate Ca level and negative control with 30% less Ca), three levels of WC (0, 100, or 200 mg/kg diet), and two levels of 1.25-(OH) 2 D 3 (0 or 0.5 μg/kg diet). Birds were housed in floor pens. The diets were fed ad libitum from one to 42 days of age. On day 21 and 42, one bird per replicate was sacrificed and its tibiae were removed. Both Ca and P retention increased when dietary Ca level was reduced (p<0.001). The addition of 200 mg WC/kg to positive control diet increased Ca retention (p<0.01). Except for tibia diameter, no significant main effects of experimental treatments were observed on tibia physical characteristics or on bone mineralization. The diet with 30% Ca reduction decreased tibia diameter at 42 days of age (p<0.05). The dietary addition of 1.25-(OH) 2 D 3 increased tibia fracture energy, width of tibia mineralized zone, and serum Ca at 42 days of age (p<0.05). At 21 days of age, supplementation of 100 mg WC/kg increased cortical thickness (p<0.05). At 42 days of age, supplementation of 100 mg WC/kg increased tibia shear force (p<0.05) and fracture energy (p<0.01). The results of this experiment showed that supplementation of 100 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of WC fruit increased tibia cortical thickness, shear force, and fracture energy.

Effect of Dietary Growth Promoter Supplementations on the Serum Biochemistry and Morphometric Characteristics of Tibia Bone in Broiler Chicken

“…The amount of bone ash percentage is truly the indicator of mechanical bone strength, Bonser & Casinos (2003). Hosseini et al (2016) reported that the plant extracts are involved in bone calcification through better retention of dietary calcium. Furthermore, it was confirmed in the study of Mirakzehi et al (2018) which suggested that vitamin D3 in combination with plant extract showed significant amount of tibia mineralization and calcification.…”

1,25-dihidroxicolecalciferol de origem herbal (Solanum glaucophyllum) mantém o desempenho e a qualidade óssea de frangos de corte fêmeas durante restrição de cálcio e fósforo

“…Tal fato demonstrou a possibilidade de uso de níveis subótimos de Ca e P disp com 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 nas dietas dos frangos de corte, sem comprometimento da estrutura óssea. Hosseini et al (2016) concluíram que a administração de 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 nas rações (0,5 µg/kg) apresentou efeitos benéficos na força óssea de frangos de corte machos (Ross 308®) de 42 dias de idade. Os autores citados observaram maior zona mineralizada nos ossos.…”