RESUMO:Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo isolado e associados com ß-glucano e antibiótico em dietas de leitoas durante a fase de creche (21 aos 54 dias de idade) sobre o desempenho, características morfo-histológicas da mucosa intestinal e ocorrência de diarréia. Foram utilizadas 368 leitoas de mesma linhagem, com peso médio de 6,5 kg/unidade experimental, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos: 1 -Dieta controle Dieta basal -sem suplementação, 2 -Dieta basal + 1500 g de mananoligossacarídeo ton/ração, 3 -Dieta basal + 500 g de ß-glucano ton/ração e 4 -Dieta basal + 250g Colistina ton/ração, com quatro repetições cada e 23 animais por unidade experimental. O desempenho foi avaliado pelo peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. As características morfo-histológicas da mucosa intestinal estudadas foram altura de vilosidade, profundidade das criptas intestinais, perímetro de vilosidade e relação altura de vilosidade:profundidade de cripta do duodeno, jejuno e íleo. A ocorrência de diarréia foi observada diariamente pela avaliação da consistência das fezes. Os animais com a dieta contendo a suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo apresentaram melhora de 6,68% no ganho de peso comparada aos demais tratamentos. A utilização de MOS não apresentou diferença (<0,05) na conversão alimentar. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o consumo de ração, incidência de diarreia e as características da morfo-histológicas intestinais. A suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo proporcionou os melhores resultados de ganho de peso e peso final em leitoas de linhagem comercial no período de 21 a 54 dias de idade. Palavras-chave: aditivo; desmame; diarréia; microingredientes nutricionais; morfometria intestinal PERFORMANCE AND MORPHO-INTESTINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WEANED GILTS FED DIETS CONTAINING COMBINATIONS WITH MANNAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES ABSTRACT:In this study, we evaluated the effect of supplementing mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) solely or combined with ß-glucan and an antibiotics in diets for gilts in the nursery phase (21 to 54 days of age) on the performance, morphohistological characteristics of the intestinal mucosa and occurrence of diarrhea. Three-hundred and sixty-eight gilts from the same strain, with average weight of 6.5 kg/experimental unit, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments: 1 -Control diet (basal diet): no supplementation; 2 -Basal diet + 1,500 g MOS/t of diet; 3 -basal diet + 500 ß-glucan/t of diet; and 4 -Basal diet + 250 g colistin/t of diet, with four replicates each and 23 animals per experimental unit. The performance was evaluated through the body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. The morphohistological characteristics of the intestinal mucosa analyzed were villus height, intestinal crypt depth, villus perimeter and villus height:crypt depth ratio of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The occurrence of diarrhea was observed daily by evaluating the consistency of feces. The ani...
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase (PHY), alone or in combination with citric acid (CA), on growing Japanese quails under moderate and severe phosphorus (P) restriction. For this, 504 one-day-old female quails were distributed in a completely randomised design with seven treatments and six replications. Treatments consisted of the following diets: (a) positive control (PC): formulated according to quails nutritional requirements; (b) negative control 40% (NC 40 ): PC with 40% less aP; (c) NC 40 +PHY; (d) NC 40 +PHY+CA; (e) negative control 65% (NC 65 ): PC with 65% less aP; (f) NC 65 +PHY; (g) NC 65 +PHY+CA. Phytase and CA were included at 300 FTU/kg and 40 g/kg, respectively. Performance, bone mineralization and plasma mineral concentration were evaluated at day 35; calcium (Ca) and P metabolism, between days 36 and 39. No significant differences in performance, plasma Ca and Pwere detected between quails fed PC or NC 40 ; however, NC 40 decreased tibia ash (p < 0.01). Treatment NC 65 impaired daily weight gain (p = 0.01), tibia ash (p < 0.01), and tibia optical densitometry (p = 0.03), as well as modified plasma Ca (p < 0.01) and P (p = 0.03) concentrations when compared to PC. Both NC 40 and NC 65 reduced P excretion (p < 0.01). Phytase alone restored tibia ash of NC 40 quails to regular rates. Nevertheless, only PHY and CA combined returned plasma P, tibia ash, tibia optical densitometry, and daily weight gain of quails fed NC 65 to similar values as those observed in PC. In conclusion, PHY alone suppresses the negative effects of moderate P restriction in growing Japanese quails, but fails in this task under severe P restriction. In such a situation, only the combination of PHY and CA ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization. This concept should be better explored by producers in order to take full advantage of the reduction in P excretion achieved by lowering dietary P concentrations. K E Y W O R D S bone densitometry, citrate, organic acid, phytase, quail S U PP O RTI N G I N FO R M ATI O N Additional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section at the end of the article. How to cite this article: Vieira BS, Caramori Junior JG, Correa GSS, et al. Combination of phytase and citric acid, but not phytase alone, ensures regular rates of growth and bone mineralization in quails under severe phosphorus restriction.
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol from plant source (Solanum glaucophyllum) maintains the performance and bone quality of female broilers during restriction of calcium and phosphorus sUMMarY The supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) has been evaluated as an alternative to reduce dietary concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the best level of dietary supplementation of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 from plant source (Solanum glaucophyllum) to female broiler chickens restricted in Ca and available P (aP). A total of 684 day-old chicks were weighted and equally distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications of 19 birds. Treatments consisted of a positive control (PC): corn-and soybean-meal diet formulated to reach animals' nutritional requirements; a negative control (NC): PC diet with 15% reduction in dietary Ca and aP concentrations; and four NC diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . Growth performance was evaluated at 42 days; bone mineralization characteristics, at 21 and 33 days. Broilers fed NC decreased feed intake (P<0.05), but not weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At day 21, the supplementation of NC with 1,25(OH 2 )D 3 did not return tibiotarsus ash to the same level as that observed in broilers fed PC, but it kept other bone characteristics at simmilar values. At day 33, broilers fed NC supplemented with 1,25(OH 2 )D 3 showed higher bone weight. Overall, broilers fed 2.0 µg/kg of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 had higher ash content than those fed PC. additional keYwordsActive D3 vitamin. Ash. Bone strength.
A avicultura refere-se a um importante setor do agronegócio no Brasil. Nos últimos anos, inúmeras modificações ocorreram no setor avícola, tais como o uso das tecnologias e da adoção de ferramentas computacionais com grau variado de complexidade. Registros de estudos de crescimento animal por meio de modelos matemáticos foram ainda descritos no século passado (XX). Desse modo, modelos não lineares como Gompertz têm sido utilizados em estudos do crescimento de aves. Nesse contexto, a presente revisão objetiva discutir modelos não lineares de crescimento, especificamente o modelo de Gompertz na avicultura. A metodologia adotada foi o estudo bibliográfico por meio de fontes documentais. Os achados de pesquisas indicaram que, na avicultura, o modelo de Gompertz tem sido o mais utilizado. Ainda, verificou-se que os resultados obtidos pelo emprego de Gompertz na criação de aves forneceram previsões do crescimento das aves. Os estudos por meio do modelo de Gompertz apontaram que as informações obtidas têm o potencial de aplicabilidade prática para tomada de decisões de gestão da produção avícola. Concluiu-se que o modelo de Gompertz permite resumir informações em pontos específicos do crescimento das aves, portanto, com aplicabilidade teórica e prática para intervenções relacionadas aos programas alimentares e também de manejo na criação de aves.
Feed supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) has been studied as a means to decrease the incidence of bone abnormalities in broilers and reduce dietary inclusion of calcium and phosphorus. The objective of this research was to determine the optimal level of feed supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 from Solanum glaucophyllum for growing broilers restricted in calcium and available phosphorus. A total of 648 day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with six dietary treatments and six replications of 18 birds. Treatments consisted of one positive control (PC: corn-soybean-meal diet formulated to reach or exceed Rostagno et al. (2011) nutritional recommendations), one negative control (NC: PC diet with 15% reduction of calcium and available phosphorus), and four NC diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3. Performance and bone development characteristics were evaluated at days 21 and 33. Negative control did not modify broilers’ performance in comparison with PC, but birds fed with NC plus 1.0 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3 showed higher (p = 0.01) daily weight gain than PC at day 21. Negative control reduced (p < 0.01) tibia weight, ash, breaking strength, and Seedor index at day 21, but supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 mitigated all these negative effects. A quadratic effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 level was found for daily weight gain (p = 0.03), tibia weight (p < 0.01), breaking strength (p < 0.01), and Seedor index (p < 0.01) at this age. At day 33, NC broilers still had lower tibia weight (p = 0.01), ash (p < 0.01), and Seedor index (p < 0.01) than those fed PC. Only tibia ash did not return to the same value as that observed in PC after NC supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3. A quadratic effect (p < 0.01) of 1,25(OH)2D3 level was found for tibia ash and Seedor index at this age. On average, dietary supplementation of 1.15 µg kg-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3 was identified as the optimal level for bone characteristics in this trial. For performance, this level was 0.98 µg kg-1. In conclusion, feed supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 from standardized leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum sustains normal growth and reduces the negative effects of calcium and phosphorus restriction on broilers’ bone tissue.
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