Effect of process parameters in microstructural and mechanical properties of Nd: YAG laser welded super duplex stainless steel

Saravanan, S.; Sivagurumanikandan, N.; Raghukandan, K.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.101

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…While grain growth was observed at higher heat input. The maximum mechanical properties were obtained at lower heat input [27]. In another work presented by Abdo et al [28], the effect of heat input parameters of pulsed YAG laser on the corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel welded joints were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

Mahmoud

AlMohamadi

Aljabri

et al. 2021

Metals

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This work aims to optimize the main YAG fiber laser parameters to weld 304L stainless steel plates of 3 mm thick. Different laser powers (2500, 2000, and 1500 W) and speeds (60, 40, and 20 mm/s) were used and merged in heat input, maintaining the defocusing distance at –2 mm to get full penetration. The weld quality and the effect of the laser heat input on the microstructures of the weld and heat-affected zones were investigated. Besides, the fracture strength of the welded joints and hardness distribution through the cross-sections were evaluated. The weld width has a direct relationship with heat input. The laser power of 2800 W produced full penetration joints without any macro defects while reduction in laser power pronounced partial penetration defects. The size of the heat-affected zone in all the processing parameters was very small. The microstructure of the weld zone shows columnar dendrite austenite grains with small arm spacing in most of the welded zone. The size of the dendrites became finer at lower heat input. At a higher heat input, a reasonable amount of lathy equiaxed grains with some delta ferrite occurred. A small amount of delta ferrite was detected in the heat-affected zone, which prevented the crack formation. The hardness of the weld metal was much higher than that of the base metal in all processing parameters and it has a reverse relationship with the heat input. The fracture strength of the welded joints was very close to that of the base metal in the defect-free samples and it increased with decreasing the heat input.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…al. [27] presented the influence of heat generated by using YAG laser different parameters on the duplex stainless steel weld joints' microstructure, hardness, and tensile strength. Complete penetrations were achieved at lower heat input.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

Mahmoud

AlMohamadi

Aljabri

et al. 2021

Metals

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“…This property encourages its use in the oil and gas, paper, and pulp, as well as in petrochemical industries. Employing the pulsed laser in UNS S32750 alloy created an epitaxial microstructure without any detrimental secondary phases, with a maximum of 80% of ferrite concentration in the FZ (Figure 9P,Q) [61]. In order to restore the equal microstructural balance and guarantee corrosion resistance, the researchers applied the PWHT, and the ferrite was reduced to 64% in this zone [62].…”

Section: Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulsed laser weldments made of stainless steels: 304 (A), its HAZ (B) and FZ (C) [17]; 304L (D) and its weld interface (E) [7]; 301 stainless steel (F) and its FZ (G) [45]; 316L stainless steel (H), its HAZ (I) and FZ (J) [38]; 904L (K) and its weld interface (L) [7]; 420 stainless steel (M) joint and its HAZ (N) and FZ (O) [60]; UNS S32750 (P), its FZ (Q) [61] and FZ with PWHT (R) [62]; and 17-4 PH (S) and its HAZ (T) [64]. Pursuing the knowledge of another combination of low carbon with stainless steel, Torkamany et al [65] explored the joining of AISI 304L and DIN 11010 steel, usually welded by resistance spot welding.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

Chludzinski

Santos

Churiaque

et al. 2021

Metals

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Joining metallic alloys can be an intricate task, being necessary to take into account the material characteristics and the application in order to select the appropriate welding process. Among the variety of welding methods, pulsed laser technology is being successfully used in the industrial sector due to its beneficial aspects, for which most of them are related to the energy involved. Since the laser beam is focused in a concentrated area, a narrow and precise weld bead is created, with a reduced heat affected zone. This characteristic stands out for thinner material applications. As a non-contact process, the technique delivers flexibility and precision with high joining quality. In this sense, the present review addresses the most representative investigations developed in this welding process. A summary of these technological achievements in metallic metals, including steel, titanium, aluminium, and superalloys, is reported. Special attention is paid to the microstructural formation in the weld zone. Particular emphasis is given to the mechanical behaviour of the joints reported in terms of microhardness and strength performance. The main purpose of this work was to provide an overview of the results obtained with pulsed laser welding technology in diverse materials, including similar and dissimilar joints. In addition, outlook and remarks are addressed regarding the process characteristics and the state of knowledge.

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“…Automatic and intelligent welding technologies have been widely applied to the thick plate GMAW process, such as automatic seam tracking [ 4 ] and weld formation monitoring, to enhance welding quality and efficiency [ 5 ]. In thick plate GMAW, the online monitoring of weld formation for each pass is necessary for weldment quality control, and welding process parameters are deemed the main factors that exceedingly influence weld formation [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Weld bead geometry features (WBGFs) can reflect the welding process parameters and are effective evidence to suggest how to optimize the latter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modeling of Weld Bead Geometry Features in Thick Plate GMAW Based on Machine Vision and Learning

Pan

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Weld bead geometry features (WBGFs) such as the bead width, height, area, and center of gravity are the common factors for weighing welding quality control. The effective modeling of these WBGFs contributes to implementing timely decision making of welding process parameters to improve welding quality and enhance automatic levels. In this work, a dynamic modeling method of WBGFs is presented based on machine vision and learning in multipass gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with typical joints. A laser vision sensing system is used to detect weld seam profiles (WSPs) during the GMAW process. A novel WSP extraction method is proposed using scale-invariant feature transform and machine learning. The feature points of the extracted WSP, namely the boundary points of the weld beads, are identified with slope mutation detection and number supervision. In order to stabilize the modeling process, a fault detection and diagnosis method is implemented with cubic exponential smoothing, and the diagnostic accuracy is within 1.50 pixels. A linear interpolation method is presented to implement sub pixel discrimination of the weld bead before modeling WBGFs. With the effective feature points and the extracted WSP, a scheme of modeling the area, center of gravity, and all-position width and height of the weld bead is presented. Experimental results show that the proposed method in this work adapts to the variable features of the weld beads in thick plate GMAW with T-joints and butt/lap joints. This work can provide more evidence to control the weld formation in a thick plate GMAW in real time.

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Effect of process parameters in microstructural and mechanical properties of Nd: YAG laser welded super duplex stainless steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

A Study on the Fiber YAG Laser Welding of 304L Stainless Steel

Pulsed Laser Welding Applied to Metallic Materials—A Material Approach

Dynamic Modeling of Weld Bead Geometry Features in Thick Plate GMAW Based on Machine Vision and Learning

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