Effect of melatonin versus injectable platelet rich fibrin on critical wound healing in submandibular salivary glands of diabetic rats

The Effect of Melatonin on Nasal Septal Wound Healing in an Experimental Animal Model

“…28 For this purpose, leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, come to the injured region and start to produce ROS which leads to loss of the cell functions and induces apoptosis by damaging the intracellular structures, especially DNA and RNA, and cell membrane. 11,29 MLT accelerates wound healing at the inflammatory phase with its antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial features. 30 MLT scavenges ROS directly inhibits synthesis of ROS, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and its antioxidant properties are even more effective than vitamins C and E. 14,30 It acts as an antiapoptotic agent by increasing membrane stabilization, preventing DNA damage and blocking caspase-3 activity.…”

“…30 MLT scavenges ROS directly inhibits synthesis of ROS, induces the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and its antioxidant properties are even more effective than vitamins C and E. 14,30 It acts as an antiapoptotic agent by increasing membrane stabilization, preventing DNA damage and blocking caspase-3 activity. 18,29 Its anti-inflammatory properties are due to reducing the intensity of inflammatory cells and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. 18,31 The equivalent of this information in our study is the intensity of acute inflammatory cells which is significantly lower in the MLT group (p < 0.05).…”

“…The inflammatory phase is the part of the wound healing process that begins shortly after injury and its main function is to prevent infection (28). For this purpose, leukocytes, mainly neutrophils, come to the injured region and start to produce ROS, which leads to loss of the cell functions and induces apoptosis by damaging the intracellular structures, especially DNA and RNA, and cell membrane (11,29). MLT accelerates wound healing at the inflammatory phase with its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial features (30).…”

Melatonin increased hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) by inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase: A hypothesis for treating anaemia, ischaemia, and covid‐19

“…HIF increases angiogenesis in target tissues through mediating various factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Studies have shown that the presence of melatonin in embryo cells, 11 retinal pigment epithelial cells, 12 and submandibular salivary glands of diabetic rats 13 has been associated with increased secretion of VEGF and VEGF receptor‐1 (VEGFR‐1) levels in target tissues. Moreover, melatonin inhibits oxidative stress and ROS by affecting melatonin receptor 3 (MT3) and inhibiting electron transfer from quinones in various tissues.…”

Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature

“…Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory hormone that can easily penetrate every cell due to its lipophilic nature [ 93 ]. Melatonin exhibits a protective effect, as it can increase cellular activity in the submandibular gland of rats [ 94 ] and is involved in histological improvement in diabetic rats by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor [ 95 ]. Melatonin can also induce protein/amylase secretion from parotid glands, either through its own receptors on acinar cells or in a NOS-dependent manner [ 96 ].…”