Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature

Toan, Nguyen Khanh; Ahn, Sang‐Gun

doi:10.3390/ijms22115835

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Saliva is derived from blood and it reflects the physiological status of the body [ 29 ]. Many systemic diseases, medication, and hormones, including insulin, melatonin, estrogens, and androgens, modulate salivary gland function [ 30 ]. Salivary metabolites have been studied in the early diagnosis of cancers, but also in neurodegenerative diseases ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Salivary Metabolites and Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

et al. 2021

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Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases. In oral diseases, salivary metabolomics has concentrated on periodontitis and oral cancer. Salivary metabolites of systemic diseases have been investigated mostly in the early diagnosis of different cancer, but also neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review article aims to highlight the challenges and possibilities of salivary metabolomics from a clinical viewpoint. Furthermore, applications of the salivary metabolic profile in diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring the treatment success, and planning of personalized treatment of oral and systemic diseases are discussed.

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Section: Salivary Metabolites and Systemic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

et al. 2021

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“…Currently, saliva is recognised as a convenient way to assess human pathological conditions, owing to its advantages in collection and storage ( 11 , 12 ). Saliva is a complex oral secretion originating from the salivary gland, which is composed of many secreted proteins, electrolytes, and other substances ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Glycopatterns as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Reflecting Severity and Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

et al. 2022

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Discriminating between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) can help provide more specific treatments. However, there are no ideal biomarkers for their differentiation. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting the progression of DN by investigating different salivary glycopatterns. Lectin microarrays were used to screen different glycopatterns in patients with DN or NDRD. The results were validated by lectin blotting. Logistic regression and artificial neural network analyses were used to construct diagnostic models and were validated in in another cohort. Pearson’s correlation analysis, Cox regression, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to analyse the correlation between lectins, and disease severity and progression. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify corresponding glycoproteins and predict their function. Both the logistic regression model and the artificial neural network model achieved high diagnostic accuracy. The levels of Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), Lycopersicon esculentum lectin (LEL), Lens culinaris lectin (LCA), Vicia villosa lectin (VVA), and Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin (NPA) were significantly correlated with the clinical and pathological parameters related to DN severity. A high level of LCA and a low level of LEL were associated with a higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. Glycopatterns in the saliva could be a non-invasive tool for distinguishing between DN and NDRD. The AAL, LEL, LCA, VVA, and NPA levels could reflect the severity of DN, and the LEL and LCA levels could indicate the prognosis of DN.

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“…Estrogen is a steroid hormone that directly and indirectly affects many organs and tissues, including the cardiovascular system, bone tissues, and salivary glands 1,2) . Estrogen regulates the growth, differentiation and function of cells that form the reproductive and non-reproductive organs and tissues 3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salivary glands are important organs of the oral cavity that play a role in salivation 1,14) . There are three major salivary glands in the oral cavity, the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, which secrete approximately 95% of saliva, while the minor salivary glands secrete the remaining 5% of saliva 1) . The acini of the parotid gland consist only of serous cells, those of the submandibular gland contain serous and mucous cells, and those of the sublingual gland consist of only mucous cells 14) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Morphological Study on Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands in Ovariectomized Rats

et al. 2022

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Background: Estrogen deficiency affects the structure and function of the salivary glands in women, leading to a decrease in salivary secretion and a change in the composition of saliva. Previous studies on changes in the salivary glands that cause estrogen deficiency have reported only partial results for the parotid and submandibular glands, and there are few comparative morphological studies of histological changes between the parotid and submandibular glands in ovariectomized rats (OVX) leading to estrogen deficiency. This study aimed to analyze the histopathological and histochemical changes in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands causing estrogen deficiency by using OVX, and to discuss the mechanism on these changes. Methods: The parotid and submandibular glands from sacrificed control and OVX groups were fixed with cold 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). The tissues were dehydrated using a series of graded ethyl alcohol and embedded in paraffin. For histopathological analysis, sections cut to a thickness of 6 to 7 µm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). For histochemical analysis, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB, pH 2.5), and PAS+AB (pH 2.5 and pH 1) staining was performed.Results: Histopathological analysis of OVX tissue showed that the parotid and submandibular salivary glands were broadly and clearly separated and divided into lobes. In OVX, acinar and ductal cells with condensed polymorphic or pyknotic nucleus, which are presumed to be characteristic of apoptotic cells, and degenerated cells with lipid deposition in cytoplasmic granules and ruptured membranes were increased. Histochemical analysis of OVX, confirmed an increase in the number and acidification of acinar secretory granules. Conclusion: Histopathological and histochemical changes and the effects of estrogen deficiency are more evident in the submandibular salivary gland than in the parotid gland.

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Aging-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in the Salivary Gland: A Review of the Literature

Cited by 35 publications

References 123 publications

Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

Salivary Glycopatterns as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Reflecting Severity and Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Comparative Morphological Study on Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands in Ovariectomized Rats

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