Effect of Levamisole as an Immunomodulator in Cockerels Vaccinated with Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Abstract

The efficacy of Levamisole Hydrochloride-a standard immunomodulator was tested in cockerel chicks. Forty day old chicks were allocated into two groups A and B. Group A received Levamisole at the recommended dosage of 10.05mg/20 birds for 3 days prior to the NDV vaccinations (B1, LaSota and Komarov). Group B received all the afore mentioned vaccinations but was not treated with Levamisole. Sera samples were analyzed by Heamagglutination Inhibition (HI) tests. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using paired t-test. High antibody titers against NDV were observed in both groups. There was no significant immunostimulation by Levamisole in this study.

Effect of levamisole, Vitamin E, and selenium against aflatoxicosis in broilers chicken

“…Levamisole is widely used in poultry farms as an immunostimulatory agent and minimize the bad effect of aflatoxin. The synthetic anthelmintic drug for many species of animals has many therapeutic and immunological functions such as immune stimulants in modulation activity leukocyte toxicity, respiratory problems, antibody response, and macrophage activating factor [ 6 ], as well as impacts to improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity [ 7 ]. The Vitamin E and selenium considered to be an essential trace nutrient for animals and humans.…”

Effect of Route of Administration on Immune Response of Broiler Chicks to Newcastle Disease Vaccine (LaSota)

“…Despite the ND vaccines and vaccination programs, ND outbreaks are still rampant [12]. One of the reasons for vaccination failure in poultry is when live vaccines become inactivated due to improper handling or administration as explained by Anjum [13].…”

Evaluation of Antioxidant Parameters in Broiler Chicken after Vaccination and Experimental Challenge with Newcastle Disease Virus

“…The NDV causes a serious respiratory and neurological disease and is an economically important infectious agent, causing substantial losses to the poultry industry (Mayo, 2002). The ND predominantly affects various kinds of birds including local, exotic and wild species (Sanda et al, 2008). Different pathotypes of the virus including velogenic, mesogenic and lentogenic have been formerly characterized (Brown et al, 1999).…”