No abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of starvation and re-feeding on oxidative stress markers, lipid profile, thyroid hormones, and changes in thyroid tissue and in male Wistar rats.Method: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups. After 3 months of feeding animals with specific diet, the first group was used without fasting (day zero). Other rats were exposed to fasting for 14 days. The second group was considered as a group after fasting (day 14). In groups 3 to 6, replenishment was done and then these groups were euthanized on days 16 to 22, and blood and tissue samples were taken.Results: Significant increase was observed in MDA, triglycerides, and VLDL cholesterol. The concentrations of SOD, GPx and T3 were decreased significantly. By re-feeding, SOD, GPx, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol increased. T3 concentration was significantly increased in all groups after re-feeding. In thyroid tissue, the diameter of follicles and the amount of colloid decreased and the number of parafollicular cells increased during starvation. By days 2 and 4 post-refeeding there were follicles with different sizes and the numbers of parafollicular cells were increased.

Regarding the importance of starvation and refeeding and the occurrence of refeeding syndrome in various conditions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of refeeding on some parameters of energy metabolism and electrolytes and changes of hepatic tissue in male Wistar rats. Fifty-seven rats were divided into six groups, having 6 to 11 rats. Food was provided ad-libitum until three months and then the first group was considered without starvation (day 0). Other rats were fasted for two weeks. Group 2 was applied to a group immediately after starvation (day 14). Groups 3 to 6 were refed in days 16 till 22, respectively. At the end of each period, blood and tissue samples were taken and histopathological and serum analysis, including serum electrolytes (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium), the energy parameters (glucose, insulin, cortisol) and the liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) were determined. Insulin decreased by starvation and then showed an increasing trend compared to starvation period, which the highest amount of this parameter was observed eight days post-refeeding. Serum glucose level showed the opposite pattern of insulin. Histopathological examination of the tissue sections revealed clear vacuoles after starvation and refeeding, in which the severity of lesions gradually decreased during refeeding. The cortisol level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. Also, potassium and phosphorus concentrations declined by refeeding and the serum sodium and potassium levels were changed in the relatively opposite manner. The calcium level decreased by starvation and then increased during refeeding. These results could help recognize and remedy the refeeding syndrome.

No abstract

In the present study, a case of gingival squamous cell carcinoma is described in a 9-yearold sheepdog with a swelling of the left mandible. Plain radiographs of the head revealed a soft tissue mass behind the ventral border of the left mandible. At necropsy, the tumor presented as reddish-brown ulcerated and irregular tumoral masses of the gingiva. In the cytology smear, there were oval to angularshaped squamous epithelial cells with varying immaturity and variable staining and nuclear to cytoplasmic ratios (N:C). Some of the cells showed dyskeratosis. Histopathologically, the tissue sections were composed of the cords and islands of squamous epithelial cells with an abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, large and ovoid nuclei with a prominent nucleolus. The mitotic figures were moderate. Based on the histopathological findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a moderately differentiated gingival squamous cell carcinoma.