Effect of induction on exhaust gas recirculation and hydrogen gas in compression ignition engine with simarouba oil in dual fuel mode

Mathanraj, V; Balaji, S.; Sudhakar, S.; Natrayan, L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.201

Cited by 84 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has high thermal and mechanical stability and is easily biodegradable. Although it is thermoplastic, it does not melt under normal conditions [ 50 ]. The high dipole moment and bulky CN group easily form hydrogen bonds with the copolymers [ 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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[Retracted] Development of Novel Bio‐mulberry‐Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibre Organic Brake Friction Composite Materials

Kumar¹,

Natrayan

Kasirajan

et al. 2022

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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Natural fibre reinforcement is used in important sectors such as medical, aerospace, automobile, and many other fields. Many articles have reported that natural fibre has the potential to replace synthetic fibres. Natural fibre reinforcement has given good results as a brake friction material. It has already been proven that asbestos causes lung cancer and mesothelioma in brakes. Many people died from the effects of asbestos. According to the World Health Organization’s trending brake report, this material leads to serious health issues. This work is going on for the replacement of these materials. Mulberry fibre is a unique material, and PAN fibre is combined with mulberry fibre and used as a brake reinforcement material to replace Kevlar fibre. The brake pads were fabricated with the various wt% of mulberry fibres and PAN fibre [3–12%] with an equal ratio and aramid fibre [3–6%] in the hydraulic hind brake moulding machine. The mechanical, chemical, physical, tribological, and thermal properties were evaluated. MF-2 [6 wt%] mulberry-PAN-fibre-based brake pad composites have shown better results for ultimate shear strength and proof stress, tensile strength, compressive strength, and impact energy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has high thermal and mechanical stability and is easily biodegradable. Although it is thermoplastic, it does not melt under normal conditions [50].…”

Section: Frictional Stability (Sμ) and Variability (Vμ) Coefficient B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Development of Novel Bio‐mulberry‐Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibre Organic Brake Friction Composite Materials

Kumar¹,

Natrayan

Kasirajan

et al. 2022

Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications

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“…As the concentration of solution increases, the production rate also increases due to the increase in the number of active ions participating in the electrolysis process. 18 The flow rate of HHO gas was measured using a burette through which generated HHO gas was collected by displacing the water present. 19 An emission testing machine made of AVL was used to measure the emission from the engine, and the machine is designed for EURO 5 emission norms.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed analysis on engine operating in dual fuel mode with different energy fractions of sustainable HHO gas

Balaji

Lakshmaiya

Dhivagar³

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Carbon emission and problems associated with the world have been the major concerns for the past few decades. The world governments have implemented stringent emission norms to reduce the pollution created by hydrocarbon combustion in automobiles. The use of gaseous fuels in IC engines has gained interest among the research community. In the present research work, hydrogen, and oxygen (HHO gas) are produced together in an electrolyzer unit and is fed into the engine intake manifold before the carburetor. The electrolyzer consists of an anode, cathode and five neutral plates made of 316 L SS. Electrolyser production rate was tested with four different molarity conditions of NaOH electrolyte solution ranging from 0.24 to 1 N. It was noted that a maximum of 2 LPM of HHO gas was produced with the supply of 90 A‐h current at 1 N solution concentration. The performance and emission characters of the SI engine were conducted at six different load conditions and four flow rates of HHO gas. HHO gas induction has significantly increased the thermal brake efficiency by 8% and decreased the specific fuel consumption by 20%. With the supply of 2 LPM of HHO gas, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions were reduced by 67%, 59%, and 34%, respectively.

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“…Nanoporous membranes are used for softening, for instance, and water purification. Hence, the divalent ions can be removed by the nanofillers [116,117]. Several applications are available for this nanotechnology in the dairy industry.…”

Section: Nanotechnologies and Its Application In Food Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Recent Scenario of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Industries

Vijayakumar¹,

Surendhar²,

Natrayan

et al. 2022

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Nanotechnology is an emerging technology in the field of food and agriculture; every individual molecule and atom can be modified or controlled by this technology. Everything that exists on the earth is made up of atoms and molecules. Problems in all the fields can easily be overcome by modifying or altering their nanosize. Similarly, nanotechnology could address many issues in the agriculture and food industries. Nanomaterials play a keen role in the place of pesticides, fertilizers, and biosensors. Nutrition enhancement, safe delivery of bioactive components and micronutrients, and food preservations were facilitated by the applications of nanotechnologies. Efforts have to be taken to create awareness among the public in this nanotechnology field. Future research directions were identified in this review to improve the nanoembedded agriculture system. This article reviews the recent development in the agriculture and food industries through nanotechnology, application of nanotechnology in the food and agricultural sectors, and research backlogs in such sectors.

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Effect of induction on exhaust gas recirculation and hydrogen gas in compression ignition engine with simarouba oil in dual fuel mode

Cited by 84 publications

References 43 publications

[Retracted] Development of Novel Bio‐mulberry‐Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibre Organic Brake Friction Composite Materials

[Retracted] Development of Novel Bio‐mulberry‐Reinforced Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibre Organic Brake Friction Composite Materials

Detailed analysis on engine operating in dual fuel mode with different energy fractions of sustainable HHO gas

Evolution and Recent Scenario of Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Industries

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