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Carbon emission and problems associated with the world have been the major concerns for the past few decades. The world governments have implemented stringent emission norms to reduce the pollution created by hydrocarbon combustion in automobiles. The use of gaseous fuels in IC engines has gained interest among the research community. In the present research work, hydrogen, and oxygen (HHO gas) are produced together in an electrolyzer unit and is fed into the engine intake manifold before the carburetor. The electrolyzer consists of an anode, cathode and five neutral plates made of 316 L SS. Electrolyser production rate was tested with four different molarity conditions of NaOH electrolyte solution ranging from 0.24 to 1 N. It was noted that a maximum of 2 LPM of HHO gas was produced with the supply of 90 A‐h current at 1 N solution concentration. The performance and emission characters of the SI engine were conducted at six different load conditions and four flow rates of HHO gas. HHO gas induction has significantly increased the thermal brake efficiency by 8% and decreased the specific fuel consumption by 20%. With the supply of 2 LPM of HHO gas, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions were reduced by 67%, 59%, and 34%, respectively.

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The use of different energy storage materials can have a high effect on the water productivity of solar desalination. This study evaluates the impact of magnetic powders on modified solar still (MPSS) performance and compares the results with conventional solar still (CSS). Black iron oxide magnetic powder was selected to increase solar radiation absorption. The black iron magnetic powder simultaneously acts as a thermal storage material and a porous absorber medium. The thermal energy stored in the magnetic powder improved the performance of the MPSS during peak solar irradiation hours, resulting in higher productivity. The results showed that the thermal performance of MPSS was higher than CSS. The MPSS exhibited a 39.8% higher evaporative and 14.5% higher convective heat transfer rate compared with CSS. Results showed that the cumulative water productivity of MPSS was 31.2% greater than CSS. Also, the energy and exergy efficiencies of MPSS were improved by 18.9% and 19.04%, respectively, compared with CSS. Moreover, the predicted payback period in MPSS and CSS were 3.2 and 4.3 months. Additionally, the CO 2 reduction of MPSS was improved by approximately 45.53% compared with that of CSS. The results also showed that the exergoeconomic parameter of MPSS and CSS with energy base was equal to 33.1 and 24.56 kWh/$, respectively.

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