Carbon emission and problems associated with the world have been the major concerns for the past few decades. The world governments have implemented stringent emission norms to reduce the pollution created by hydrocarbon combustion in automobiles. The use of gaseous fuels in IC engines has gained interest among the research community. In the present research work, hydrogen, and oxygen (HHO gas) are produced together in an electrolyzer unit and is fed into the engine intake manifold before the carburetor. The electrolyzer consists of an anode, cathode and five neutral plates made of 316 L SS. Electrolyser production rate was tested with four different molarity conditions of NaOH electrolyte solution ranging from 0.24 to 1 N. It was noted that a maximum of 2 LPM of HHO gas was produced with the supply of 90 A‐h current at 1 N solution concentration. The performance and emission characters of the SI engine were conducted at six different load conditions and four flow rates of HHO gas. HHO gas induction has significantly increased the thermal brake efficiency by 8% and decreased the specific fuel consumption by 20%. With the supply of 2 LPM of HHO gas, CO2, HC, and NOx emissions were reduced by 67%, 59%, and 34%, respectively.

The paper presents the experimental investigations on the flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP)/Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) rebars and the effect of inclusion of the new adhesively bonded BFRP/GFRP stirrups. M30 grade geopolymer and conventional concrete beams with the dimension of 100 × 160 × 1700 mm were cast to investigae the flexural behaviour of BFRP/GFRP and steel bars. This study also examined the mode of failure, deflection behaviour, curvature moment capacity, crack width, pattern, propagation, strains and average crack width of the BFRP/GFRP bars with stirrups in the geopolymer concretes using a four-point static bending test. The results were compared to that of conventional steel-reinforced concrete, and it was found that the Basalt and Glass reinforced polymer beams demonstrated premature failure and sudden shear failure. Further, the FRP bars exhibited higher mid-span deflection, crack width and crack propagation than steel bars. Crack spacing of the FRP bars decreased with an increase in the number of cracks. The correlation between the load and the deflection behaviour of the beams was determined using statistical analysis of multi variables regression.

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Following regulating temperature testing, all insulating fabric in shipping packaging burns. This paper studies the heat transfer of the leads encapsulated in a scaling steel cube. The cuboid dimensions are 40 mm x 40 mm x 50 mm. A free convection criterion is established for the double vertical sides. Insulation is installed on both the top and bottom surfaces. The method is used to visualize the movements of a rock electrode interface, mainly during the smelting of leads. Thermal imaging is a simple and non-intrusive method for determining the melting face during the dissolving of laminates. The approach continuously and immediately exhibits dynamical capturing of the development of an electrolyte interface underneath the forces of convective heat transfer. Computational research is indeed carried out to simulate the dissolving phenomena. The results are contrasted to one wall height, and a suitable feature height is proposed.

This research presents an adaptive intelligence internet approach to the reverse heat flow issue of simultaneously identifying the thermally internal heat of vaporization and thermal diffusivity functions of a solid material. A reverse issue was created using the BICOND heat transfer characteristic measuring technique. Internal specific heat and thermal transfer vs temperature characteristics can always be calculated using the velocity and temperature histories of two devices. This work used an analytical simulation of the evet heat flow issue to construct noiseless and noisy fake observations. This reverse issue was handled using a multi-layer graze classifier with a rear method and a stochastic gradient descent type classifier using a complete historical classification algorithm. In light of the results, feedforward deep networks seem to be essential tools for non-iteratively solving component prediction opposite heat flux issues, and being extremely efficient in assessing real temperature variation past to all ascertain fluid flow specific heat and ductility as an arbitrarily defined function of pressure. Furthermore, whenever the temperature spectrum of observation changes, there is no need to retrain the networks.