Ecological and Hygienic Aspects of the Sensitization Rate of the Population in a Residential Environment

Abstract

There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.

Chemical air pollution in dwelling as a health risk factor

“…also make a certain contribution. Results obtained by multiple studies confirm that indoor chemical air pollution is by 1.5-4.0 times higher than outdoor air pollution on the same territory [18][19][20].…”

“…Several research works provide data on a relationship between formaldehyde contents in air and abundance of polymer materials (the correlation coefficient equals 0.67) [18,19]. The highest formaldehyde concentrations (0.062-0.077 mg/m 3 ) were detected in rooms with new furniture made of wood chipboards.…”

“…Therefore, the results of this study as well as earlier ones made it possible to identify the maximum widest range of chemical pollutants in air in residential premises; to quantify them and to determine the actual structure of air pollution; to establish major sources of chemical pollutants in air in residential premises. We determined quantitative parameters of chemical air pollution depending on ambient air pollution, abundance of polymer materials in a given room, a number of people in a given room, a period during which a given building was exploited, air temperature and humidity, air exchange intensity [6,9,19]. However, several issues have remained unresolved by now and this makes it impossible to accomplish proper sanitary-epidemiological control of chemical air pollution in residential premises supported by a relevant methodical base.…”

“…These health disorders often become apparent through lower working capacity, variable allergic reactions, rapid fatigability, frequent headaches etc. [19][20][21][22]. "Sick Building Syndrome" probably occurs due to chemical air pollution inside buildings and, first of all, such pollutants as volatile organic compounds.…”