There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.
Introduction. The use of road deicing reagents (RDR) is an effective measure to reduce winter traumatism and requires enhancement of methods for evaluation of deicers safety. The aim of investigation: to study markers of oxidative stress in rat blood samples during intranasal (i/n) administration of RDR solutions, as a model of intake under natural conditions, using liquid commercial RDR (22% CaCl2; 6% NaCl). Material and methods. Male Wistar rats (10 rats per group) were daily injected into the nasal cavity with 100 μl of RDR solutions in concentrations (C) 0; 0.75; 7.5 and 75 ml per liter of tap water. 5 and 28 days after the start of the experiment, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), GSH, the activity of SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and glutathione reductase (GR) in the hemolysates were determined. Logarithmic transformation x=lg(C+0.01)+2 was used for regression analysis of dose - effect relations. Results. 5 days after the start of the experiment, adaptive dose-dependent changes in activities of SOD (R = -0.504; p=0.001); GR (R = 0.548; p<0,001) and catalase (R=0.725; p<0,001) were revealed, and after 28 days these effects were replaced by dose-dependent increase in MDA content (R=0.617; p<0,001) and GPO activity (R=0.326; p=0.04). The revealed effects, apparently, are due to the presence of additional RDR components (such as detergents, corrosion inhibitors, etc.), since significant differences with corresponding control groups were found also during administration of 0.75 ml RDR per liter (CNa+ 200 times lower than in saline solution; CCa2+ equivalent to its serum content). In particular, sharp increase in catalase activity after 5 days may be indirect evidence of anticorrosive formates metabolism (commonly used anti-corrosive additive) in the conditions of their entry bypassing the portal vein. Conclusion. I/n administration of the studied RDR solutions (0.75-75 ml/L) gave distinct dose-dependent signs of compensated (5 days) and decompensated (28 days) oxidative stress, presumably due to the presence of additional components besides of basic chlorides.
The purpose of the study is to determine whether exposure to odours of model food odourants can lead to a change in biochemical and immunological parameters that we previously used when examining the population in the area of food industry enterprises location using the method of quantitative olfacto-odorimetry. Methods. The specified concentrations of aerosols of three food flavours (orange, cognac and coffee) were supplied to the participants of the studies with a help of ECOMA T08 olfactometer. Quantitative composition of the aerosols was controlled by GC/MS. In participants saliva samples taken before, during and at the end of each experiment, the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, the content of secretory IgA, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, the activity of α-amylase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase were determined. For data analysis, paired Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used with Bonferroni correction for the problem of multiple comparisons. Results. A reliable effect of the smell of food odourants was found on one indicator only - the activity of salivary α-amylase - when combining data from 5 separate experiments (n=45): 93.3[24.3;160.0] U/ml at the end of the experiments against background values of 109.9 [42.5; 216.7] U/ml;, p=0.0096 with a significance level of p=0.05/3=0.017. A decrease in the average values of salivary α-amylase activity was shown to hide opposite changes in individual values: an increase in activity in people with low background values (below the median of the initial distribution) and an amplitude-dominant decrease - in people with high background values (above median). The revealed phenotypic polymorphism of α-amylase regulation contributes to one of relevant Post-COVID areas - the study of the ability of people to perceive odours and react to them. Limitations. The use of olfacto-odorimetry to study effect of odours on human health indicators is promising, but requires design of protocols with extended exposure time. Conclusion. A decrease in average values of salivary α-amylase activity with distinctive forestall of the upper quartile may be a sign of human reflex re sponse to the emission of odourous substances in the areas of food industry.
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