Does Entrepreneurship Education Affect Pre-start-up Behavior in Malaysia? A Multi-Group Analysis Approach

Abstract

This study investigates the moderating effect of students’ programs on entrepreneurship education aimed at pre-start-up and its effect on the students’ behavior. This study also attempts the level of entrepreneurship education and pre-start-up behavior among students. A survey was carried out among 441 final year students, including 214 students from business programs, and 227 students from non-business programs. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 3.3.0, to perform descriptive and multi-group analysis (MGA), including assessment of measurement invariance of the composite model (MICOM). The results reveal that all direct relationships were supported. It was also found that student programs do have a moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and pre-start-up behavior. Furthermore, the results discovered that risk control is a crucial component of entrepreneurship education and should be highlighted in the curriculum. This study contributes to the literature by considering student programs as a moderator, a comparatively new factor in the pre-start-up behavior among university students at the tertiary level. Therefore, entrepreneurship education must be properly designed, and the co-curriculum must be properly organized, so that entrepreneurship will be the preferred career choice in the future.

Entrepreneurship barriers faced by Pakistani female students in relation to their entrepreneurial inclinations and entrepreneurial success

“…In Pakistan and, more specifically, Karachi’s public sector universities, content and entrepreneurship have significant effects on the students’ EI (Aslam et al , 2022). Likewise, Othman et al ’s (2022) findings suggest that student programs have a moderating effect on entrepreneurship education and behaviors before starting a business. Risk control is a robust component of entrepreneurship education and must be considered in the curriculum.…”

“…Researchers, academic members of staff and policymakers are always considering the evolving phenomenon of entrepreneurship (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000; Anjum et al , 2012; Ismail, 2016; Noor and Isa, 2020). They acknowledge entrepreneurship’s massive contribution as the source of financial advancement and prosperity and, also, as a driving force in achieving greater employment and healthy economic development (Shah and Soomro, 2017; Noor and Isa, 2020; Hamdan et al , 2022; Aslam et al , 2022; Othman et al , 2022). In micro-businesses, budding entrepreneurs are dogmatic in gearing the entrepreneurial process towards socio-economic strength and more employment (Thurik and Wennekers, 2004; Linfang et al , 2021; Othman et al , 2022).…”

“…They acknowledge entrepreneurship’s massive contribution as the source of financial advancement and prosperity and, also, as a driving force in achieving greater employment and healthy economic development (Shah and Soomro, 2017; Noor and Isa, 2020; Hamdan et al , 2022; Aslam et al , 2022; Othman et al , 2022). In micro-businesses, budding entrepreneurs are dogmatic in gearing the entrepreneurial process towards socio-economic strength and more employment (Thurik and Wennekers, 2004; Linfang et al , 2021; Othman et al , 2022). However, the entrepreneurial journey is uneven due to entrepreneurs often facing several barriers that sometimes endanger their achievements.…”

“…However, the entrepreneurial journey is uneven due to entrepreneurs often facing several barriers that sometimes endanger their achievements. The promotion of entrepreneurial inclinations (EI) leads to substantial problems and, more particularly, in the context of developing businesses (Molvi et al , 2018; Perpék et al , 2021; Othman et al , 2022). Various scholars have noted the different challenges and barriers such as corruption, the lack of education and training, entrepreneurial motivation, infrastructure services, political instability, entrepreneurial education, EI and the scarcity of financial assistance, etc.…”

“…Various scholars have noted the different challenges and barriers such as corruption, the lack of education and training, entrepreneurial motivation, infrastructure services, political instability, entrepreneurial education, EI and the scarcity of financial assistance, etc. These are found mainly in the developing economies (Chowdhury, 2007; Anwar et al , 2021; Linfang et al , 2021; Othman et al (2022). It is suggested, also, that ATR, FOF, legal issues and motivational barriers have a more harmful influence on entrepreneurship (Nawaser et al , 2011; Botezat et al , 2022).…”