This study examined the mediating effects of organizational commitment (OC) and organizational engagement (OE) on the relationship between human resource (HR) practices (career management, performance appraisal, compensation, person -job fit and job control) and turnover intention. A total of 457 employees working in various sectors in a selected region in Malaysia participated in this study. It was found that all the variables used to measure HR practices have significant effects on OC and OE. However, multiple regression analyses indicated that career management and job control did not have any significant influence on turnover intention. OC and OE were discovered to give partial mediating effects on the relationship between HR practices and turnover intention.

Purpose -Despite widespread acceptance and exponential growth of Islamic banking across many countries, research indicates some critical issues that can potentially downturn this industry. Literature suggests that like other stakeholders such as customers, some employees too have ambivalent attitude towards its concept and practices. This calls for an empirical assessment. As no such comprehensive instrument was available, this study aims to develop a scale measuring employees' attitude towards Islamic banking.Design/methodology/approach -This scale development process begins with literature review pertinent to employees' perspective in Islamic banking, followed by a series of steps critical to achieve robustness and to ensure validity and reliability of the instrument. Research methods include a detailed set of qualitative interviews, content validation, pilot testing and exploratory factor analysis with subsequent confirmatory factor analysis.Findings -The final scale embodies five orthogonal dimensions: awareness of Islamic banking, usefulness of Islamic banking, perception of Shariah compliance, patronage towards Islamic banking and attractiveness towards Islamic banking.Research limitations/implications -This instrument may be used both by research scholars and practicing managers to measure employees' attitude towards Islamic banking system and practices. It may also serve as a diagnostic tool to identify the areas of strength and weaknesses in the Islamic banking system as perceived by the employees themselves.Originality/value -An instrument to measure employees' attitude towards Islamic banking system is much needed as no such comprehensive instrument is available to the best of authors' knowledge. The study attempts to fulfil this need.

Entrepreneurship education can facilitate students’ competency development and enhance their self-employment potential. Students’ involvement in entrepreneurship is influenced by their emotions, especially in the early stages of business start-ups. Without exploiting potential business opportunities, entrepreneurship will not occur. This study aims to determine positive emotion effects on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and business opportunity exploitation. The study’s sample comprise of 152 final year university students. A questionnaire-based survey was the main instrument employed and the hypotheses developed were tested using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. The findings show that the students’ action to exploit opportunities is significant, and is affected by the exposure to entrepreneurial learning and anticipated effect of positive emotion on entrepreneurship. This finding confirms that anticipated positive emotions are important throughout the entrepreneurial process and form a motivating factor to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Furthermore, the result shows that positive emotions partially mediate the relationship between entrepreneurship education and opportunity exploitation. This study is important for students to experience a paradigm shift towards entrepreneurship and to encourage them to select entrepreneurship as a career option. Future studies could explore the effect of anticipated negative emotions among tertiary education students, and potential entrepreneurs.

This study examined the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial success and the roles of entrepreneurial work engagement and entrepreneurial learning intensity as multiple-mediators in influencing the relationship. In addition, the effects of service orientation and market orientation on entrepreneurial factors were also tested. Respondents were the owner-managers of small and medium service enterprises (service SMEs) in Malaysia. Simple random sampling was used, given a sampling frame which contained 502 service SMEs. A questionnaire survey involving 125 entrepreneurs with more than five years of entrepreneurial experience in service businesses provided useful data. The data were analyzed using SPSS and SPSS Macro. The results showed that psychological capital had a positive relationship with entrepreneurial success. In fact, through entrepreneurial work engagement and entrepreneurial learning intensity, the multiple-mediators, the relationship was found to be more comprehensive. Application of bootstrapping procedure in SPSS Macro had found that entrepreneurial work engagement and entrepreneurial learning intensity were simultaneously significant multiple-mediators but entrepreneurial work engagement had higher impact than entrepreneurial learning intensity on the relationship between psychological capital and entrepreneurial success. In conclusion, this study supported the theoretical arguments that entrepreneurial success are strongly associated with internal power and strengths, which this study believed as psychological state resources. However, the relationships between firm orientations such as service and market orientations and entrepreneurial factors require further investigation in future studies.

In the past, there has been a preponderance of studies on entrepreneurs or small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia; however, very few studies concentrated on women entrepreneurs. Women entrepreneurs are known to be persistent and resilient in running their business. However, it may be interesting to focus on factors or components that contribute towards their resiliency. Hence, this study explores the critical components of entrepreneurial resiliency which play a significant role in the business survival of women entrepreneurs during and after undergoing economic crises. The term resilience comprises three components, namely hardiness, resourcefulness, and optimism. Hardiness refers to adaptive capacity, and not easily discouraged by failures. Resourcefulness, on the other hand, relates to cash flow, investment, relational networks, material assets, and the ability to adapt to changes, while optimism means the preparedness to make decisions, take action, and the ability to see the humorous side of things. The sample of the study consisted Nazatul Shima Abdul Rani et al. 112 of 100 women entrepreneurs, mainly food operators in Klang Valley who were selected randomly. Most of the women entrepreneurs were aged above 30 years, and more than half have more than 10 years' experience in running their business. A set of questionnaire with items on entrepreneurial resilience and its components-hardiness, resourcefulness, and optimism-was used to gain information among women entrepreneurs. The findings show that the most critical components for resilience during crises was resourcefulness, while optimism emerged as the most important component after undergoing crises.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine key competencies used by organizations in identifying high potential employees. It also seeks to examine practices and programs to manage such employees and finally to identify problems encountered in the development programs. Design/methodology/approach – The respondents of the study were HR practitioners. Convenient sampling was used and the respondents answered survey forms that were sent out using regular mails and e-mails. As a result, 237 forms were generated and used for analyses. In order to test construct validity, factor analyses were performed and mean values of each variable were also used for interpretations. Findings – Employers put highest emphasis on employees who were customer service oriented. Three major competences were identified – results-oriented character, interpersonal competence and technical competence/flexibility. The most common method to identify potential was performance appraisal by immediate superiors. The most common method to develop high potential employees was job enlargement and the most common problem in the development programs was in dealing with those who had personal and work-life balance. Practical implications – Performance appraisal done by immediate supervisor may not be the best method to gauge future performance and should be coupled with performance review or discussion with the superiors. Job experience is still effective in developing potential. Specific policies that help employees to balance personal and work life are important in development programs. Originality/value – The responses from the HR practitioners shed some lights on what major competences are important in identifying potential that can be used in talent management.

This study investigates the moderating effect of students’ programs on entrepreneurship education aimed at pre-start-up and its effect on the students’ behavior. This study also attempts the level of entrepreneurship education and pre-start-up behavior among students. A survey was carried out among 441 final year students, including 214 students from business programs, and 227 students from non-business programs. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 3.3.0, to perform descriptive and multi-group analysis (MGA), including assessment of measurement invariance of the composite model (MICOM). The results reveal that all direct relationships were supported. It was also found that student programs do have a moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and pre-start-up behavior. Furthermore, the results discovered that risk control is a crucial component of entrepreneurship education and should be highlighted in the curriculum. This study contributes to the literature by considering student programs as a moderator, a comparatively new factor in the pre-start-up behavior among university students at the tertiary level. Therefore, entrepreneurship education must be properly designed, and the co-curriculum must be properly organized, so that entrepreneurship will be the preferred career choice in the future.

We addressed three research questions in this study: (1)