Do Weapons Facilitate Adolescent Delinquency? An Examination of Weapon Carrying and Delinquency Among Adolescents

Emmert, Amanda D.; Hall, Gina Penly; Lizotte, Alan J.

doi:10.1177/0011128717714466

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Prior research has consistently found that hate crimes are more physically severe than other types of crimes, and that weapon use plays an important role in facilitating and exacerbating the physical severity of violent victimization (e.g., Emmert et al, 2018;Pezzella & Fetzer, 2017). yet, prior research has neglected to consider the role that weapons may play in the physical severity of hate crime victimization, especially in comparison with nonbias crimes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On one hand, prior research indicates both that hate crimes are more physically severe than other crimes (e.g., J. Levin & McDevitt, 1993) and that weapons facilitate physical severity (e.g., Emmert et al, 2018). Following this, weapons may play a particularly prominent role in bias crime victimization, compared with nonbias victimization (Hypothesis 1).…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this context, weapons, and guns in particular, allow individuals to detach themselves and increase emotional distance from a victim, thereby exacerbating violence (Braga et al, 2020;Wells & Horney, 2002). Emmert et al (2018), for example, found that when an individual was in possession of a weapon during an incident, the victim tended to suffer more severe physical consequences, compared with situations where the individual did not possess a weapon. Following this, it is also possible that weapon use may play an important role in the severity of hate-motivated violence, compared with other violence.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Malcom

Lantz

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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Prior research has suggested that hate crimes hurt more, in that they are more physically severe than other crimes. A separate body of research has focused on the role of weapons in exacerbating violence; yet, no research has considered the role of weapon use in bias crime victimization. Following this, this research examines the relationship between weapon use, bias motivation, and victimization in the United States. On one hand, weapons may play an important role in hate crime by exacerbating violence. On the other hand, weapons may be unnecessary for facilitating hate crime violence, given the animus associated with bias motivation. Using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System, we find that bias crimes are both (a) less likely than nonbias crimes to involve weapons and (b) more likely than nonbias crimes to involve serious or lethal victim injury. These patterns are particularly pronounced for antisexual orientation hate crimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Malcom

Lantz

2020

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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“…Als zentralen Risikofaktor für den Einsatz von Messern sieht man das Mitführen eines Messers an, da hiermit ein gesteigertes Eskalationspotenzial einhergehe (Baier und Bergmann 2018 ; Emmert et al. 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ausmaß und Entwicklung der Messerkriminalität in Deutschland: empirische Erkenntnisse und kriminalpolitische Implikationen

Rausch¹,

Hatton²,

Brettel

et al. 2021

Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol

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ZusammenfassungMesserkriminalität steht seit einiger Zeit in der medialen und politischen Diskussion. Dabei wurde in der jüngeren Vergangenheit insbesondere über die Frage eines Anstiegs dieser Kriminalitätsform sowie über einen mutmaßlichen Zusammenhang mit der Staatsangehörigkeit der Täter/-innen diskutiert. Trotz der intensiven Debatten existieren bis heute vergleichsweise wenige gesicherte Daten hierzu. Der vorliegende Beitrag berichtet aktuelle empirische Ergebnisse über das Phänomen der Messerkriminalität anhand von Daten aus Rheinland-Pfalz. Ausgehend von einer Erhebung des rheinland-pfälzischen Ministeriums der Justiz wurden zu diesem Zweck Urteilstexte von insgesamt 519 rechtskräftig wegen schwerer Gewaltkriminalität abgeurteilten Personen ausgewertet, die sich auf Aburteilungen des Jahres 2013 (n = 253) und des Jahres 2018 (n = 266) beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es keinen statistisch signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Messerkriminalität und schwerer Gewaltkriminalität insgesamt hinsichtlich der untersuchten Variablen, insbesondere der Staatsangehörigkeit, gibt. Auch ein massiver Anstieg der Messergewalt von 2013 auf 2018 konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Lediglich der Unterschied zwischen Messerkriminalität und genereller schwerer Gewaltkriminalität hinsichtlich der Schuldfähigkeitsbeurteilung war für beide Jahrgänge hochsignifikant. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse lassen zusammenfassend deshalb nicht auf einen unmittelbaren kriminalpolitischen Handlungsbedarf schließen.

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“…Said consummation occurs when desires of revenge or taking justice by one’s hand are present (McCauley and Moskalenko, 2014), leading to violent justice. Moreover, the odds of violent acts increase with the availability and appeal for weapons or the proximity of firearms (Carlson et al, 1990; Killias and Haas, 2002; Newman et al, 2004; Newman and Fox, 2009; Monuteaux et al, 2015; Benjamin and Bushman, 2016; Benjamin et al, 2017; Emmert et al, 2018). In particular, additional evidence indicates a positive relationship between carrying weapons and school shootings (Dumitriu, 2013; Celis, 2015), homicides (Stroebe, 2013), and suicides (Burgess et al, 2006; Lankford, 2014, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Properties and Development of a Scale Designed to Evaluate the Potential of Predatory Violent Behavior

et al. 2019

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The objective of this study was to develop and determine the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to detect traits and behavior that are associated with predatory violent behavior, which is defined as a determined, planned, controlled, and proactive aggression. The sample was comprised of 564 students, mostly in their last year of high school, or in their first year of college. The initial instrument had 78 items, ultimately resulting in 13 with good internal consistency (α = 0.825). Factor analysis showed four factors: anger-in, appeal for weapons, suicidal ideation, and the tendency to take justice into one’s own hands. Said factors showed significant correlations of convergent validity. Data shown here allows inferring that the instrument is a novel and concise tool that evaluates and detects the potential of predatory violent behavior.

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Do Weapons Facilitate Adolescent Delinquency? An Examination of Weapon Carrying and Delinquency Among Adolescents

Cited by 35 publications

References 42 publications

Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Ausmaß und Entwicklung der Messerkriminalität in Deutschland: empirische Erkenntnisse und kriminalpolitische Implikationen

Psychometric Properties and Development of a Scale Designed to Evaluate the Potential of Predatory Violent Behavior

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