2016
DOI: 10.1051/ocl/2016009
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Dietary lipid emulsions and endotoxemia

Abstract: -The low-grade inflammation observed in obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. Among factors triggering such inflammation, recent works revealed the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), so-called endotoxins. LPS are naturally present in the gut via the intestinal microbiota. Recent studies show that they can induce in plasma a metabolic endotoxemia after the consumption of unbalanced hyperlipidic meals. This article reviews recent knowledge gained on the role of in… Show more

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Cited by 11 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…For instance, in individuals with metabolic syndrome, a meal rich in SFA raises plasma LPS concentrations when compared to other meals rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or low in fat, and high in complex carbohydrates and n-3 fatty acids. After the SFA meal, the increase in LPS was correlated with the gene expression of IkBα (an NF-kB inhibitor) and MIF1 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting partial mediation by these pro-inflammatory pathways [88,89]. Finally, a high SFA meal could be involved in causing postprandial endotoxemia and also affect other mechanisms, including intestinal absorption and clearance rates of LPS, changes to intestinal microbiota, and intestinal barrier function [88].…”
Section: Fatty Acids Carbohydrates and Postprandial Adverse Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, in individuals with metabolic syndrome, a meal rich in SFA raises plasma LPS concentrations when compared to other meals rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or low in fat, and high in complex carbohydrates and n-3 fatty acids. After the SFA meal, the increase in LPS was correlated with the gene expression of IkBα (an NF-kB inhibitor) and MIF1 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting partial mediation by these pro-inflammatory pathways [88,89]. Finally, a high SFA meal could be involved in causing postprandial endotoxemia and also affect other mechanisms, including intestinal absorption and clearance rates of LPS, changes to intestinal microbiota, and intestinal barrier function [88].…”
Section: Fatty Acids Carbohydrates and Postprandial Adverse Effectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High-fat meal intake stimulates liver production of bile acids, which aid in the digestion and absorption of fats through micelles formation (29) . Due to its lipid A fraction, LPS is incorporated into the micelles in the intestinal lumen and, thus, the endotoxin is carried out to the enterocytes and incorporated into the chylomicrons (4,8) . After a single exposure to a high-fat load, obese subjects, who had subtle impairment in barrier function, had a greater increase in the permeability of the small intestine compared with non-obese patients.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The pathological LPS effects are related to its capacity to activate metabolic cascades and trigger proinflammatory cytokine secretion (3) . Inflammation as a result of metabolic endotoxaemia has been a topic of intense debate among the scientific community, since it is considered a risk factor for obesity and other chronic diseases, such as insulin resistance, diabetes and CVD (1,4,5) . Moreover, high LPS concentrations were also associated with metabolic syndrome components (6) .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Un régime alimentaire déséquilibré et la période post-prandiale contribueraient à l'établissement de cette inflammation métabolique (Vors et al, 2014 ;Michalski et al, 2016). Ces dernières années des études ont révélé que des molécules pro-inflammatoires d'origine bactérienne, naturellement présentes dans le microbiote intestinal, peuvent gagner la circulation sanguine.…”
Section: Topical Issueunclassified
“…Enfin, nous mettons en exergue l'impact d'agents tensioactifs utilisés en formulation alimentaire pour stabiliser les émulsions, notamment les phospholipides d'origine végétale ou laitière, ainsi que de différents vecteurs moléculaires d'acides gras poly-insaturés n-3 à longue chaîne. Le lecteur pourra se référer à nos autres publications et revues récentes sur ces thématiques (Bourlieu et Michalski, 2015 ;Genot et al, 2016 ;Michalski et al, 2016 ;Vors et al, 2016) pour un accès plus exhaustif aux références bibliographiques et un approfondissement des concepts présentés.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified