Determining the Best Sectioning Method and Intestinal Segment for Morphometric Analysis in Broilers

Gava,; Moraes, Lucas Brunelli de; Carvalho, Deborah Pereira; Chitolina, GZ; Fallavena, Luiz Cesar Bello; Moraes, H. L. S.; Herpich, Juliana Inês; Salle, Carlos Tadeu Pippi

doi:10.1590/1516-635x1702145-150

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Three lobes were selected in each of the thymic chains (6 lobes/bird). The jejunums were cleaved as indicated by a previous study [9]. Thereafter, the organs were identified, processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.…”

Section: Organ Sampling and Preparation Of Histological Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Carvalho

Herpich

Chitolina

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Bursa of Fabricius (BF) and the thymus are primary lymphoid organs of poultry and play a major role in avian immunity. Enteric system is also involved in immunity. Several pathologic conditions directly impact BF and thymus size, and also affect intestinal parameters. Besides, there are several immune system depressor agents which affect birds. The selection of glucocorticoid as inducer of immunosuppression is applied in many experiments; however there are few studies that are applied to the reality in the field. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone as an inducer of immunosuppression on lymphoid organs and microscopic structures of the jejunum.Materials, Methods & Results: One-day-old chicks were used as a control group (n = 8) and the treated group (n = 25) received intramuscular dexamethasone on 21, 23, 24 and 26 day-old. Control birds and treated birds were euthanized 8, 16, 24, 32 and 40 h after inoculation; four control birds and six treated birds were euthanized on the eighth day after the last inoculation. Thymus, BF and jejunum were collected during the necropsy. The selected organs were processed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and photographed. The BF and thymus cuts were evaluated by three histopathologists to determine the depletion score. Ten villi of each jejunum were evaluated for width and length of villi, depth crypt, microvillus length, enterocyte length of each villus, and wall thickness. Treated birds presented a mean weight lower than control group during all the experiment. The mean weight and the relative weight of the BF and thymus of control birds were significantly higher than treated ones. The lymphocyte depletion in BF and thymus scores differed significantly between groups, being higher in the group challenged with dexamethasone. There were no significant differences between groups for depth of crypt, height of core and height of microvilli. The intestines of the control group had higher mean values for length of villi, width of villi, height of enterocyte and thickness of wall. Significant correlation between weight of thymus and weight of BF, between weight of thymus and weight of bird and between weight of BF and bird weight were found.Discussion: Easy administration, low cost and the absence of suffering during inoculation make the use of glucocorticoids more advantageous to mimic immunosupression in poultry. Treatment with dexamethasone interfered directly in the weight of the birds. Evaluation of immune response of birds can be performed by the ratio of the BF weight in relation to the weight of the bird, as observed in the present study. The relative weight of the BF of untreated animals varied at all ages between 0.21% and 0.29%. It was also observed that the relative weight of BF and thymus in immunosuppressed birds tended to increase according to the end of the treatment. Depletion scores were higher in thymus, suggesting that glucocorticoid promoted more harmful effects on this organ. Dexamethasone had negative influence on length of villus, once mean value was 13% lower than those of control group. Width of villus and height of enterocyte core of treatment group were lower than those observed in control animals. Coefficient of determination greater than 70% was observed for almost all established relationships, except for the length of villi and weight of the thymus. Administration of dexamethasone promotes significant and negative effects on the gain of weight, length of villi, width of villi and height of enterocytes. These finding are useful for future experiments with controlled immunosuppression induction, once it provides significant information of the secondary effects of glucocorticoids administration in poultry.

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Section: Organ Sampling and Preparation Of Histological Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Carvalho

Herpich

Chitolina

et al. 2018

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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“…The digesta pH was measured at each segment of the gut using a digital pH meter (Crison, Basic 20 pH Meter). Samples of the ileum (about 5 cm away from the ileocecal junction) were collected and then transferred into labelled containers with formalin for intestinal physiological studies (Gava et al, 2015). An image analysing software (Image J) was used to measure villi height, crypt depth and villi height/crypt depth ratios (Rasband, 2012) from captured images.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days

Ginindza

Jones

Norris

2017

IJAR

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Two experiments were conducted to determine diet crude fibre (CF) levels for optimal productivity of slow-growing indigenous Venda chickens. In each experiment the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different CF levels of 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8%. A complete randomised design was used in both experiments, the starter (1-49 days) and finisher (50-91 days). A quadratic equation was used to determine CF levels for optimal productivity. Dietary CF levels of 3.4, 4.0 and 3.0 % optimised growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and live weight of unsexed Venda chickens (starter), respectively; and higher dietary CF levels resulted in lower (P<0.05) intake and digestibility. Dietary CF levels of 6.5, 4.3, 3.2 and 4.4 % optimised feed intake, growth rate, nitrogen retention and live weight of male Venda chickens (finisher), respectively; while higher dietary CF levels resulted in poor (P<0.05) FCR and nutrient digestibility. The results indicate that different CF levels optimised production parameters, and dietary CF levels for optimal productivity increased as chickens grew older.

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“…The obtained intestines were fixed with 4% formalin for further histological analysis. Histological measurements were performed according to Gava et al (2015). Formalin-fixed intestinal samples were sectioned at three different parts (proximal, middle and distal sections) and routinely processed for histology including dehydration in graded ethanol and equilibration in xylene.…”

Section: Feeding Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary soybean meal and multienzyme on intestine histology of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)

2017

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soybean meal and multienzyme supplementation on intestinal histopathology of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). Nine diets were formulated (40% crude protein, 13% crude fat and 4150 kcal/kg gross energy) in which fish meal was replaced by soybean meal at 0, 40 and 80% supplemented or not with 1 or 2 g/kg of multienzyme Kemin. Fish (initial weight of 820 g) were fed on experimental diets four times daily at 1% body weight for 12 weeks. From histological analyses, intact villus with normal mucosa was found in the FM group, representing the presence of intact epithelium. Supplementation of enzyme at both levels and soybean meal (alone) in the diet resulted in histopathological alterations in the intestine including mild immune cells infiltration, villus blunting, villus fusion, mononuclear immune cells infiltration as well as necrosis. Soybean meal decreased the length of villuses in the proximal and distal intestines (P \ 0.05). Enzyme was not able to ameliorate the derangements induced by 80% replacement level of fish meal with soybean meal (treatments SB80E1% and SB80E2%). However, coadministrating of the enzyme at both levels with 40% soybean meal (treatments SB40E1% and SB40E2%) was able to inhibit the soybean meal-induced histopathological impairments.

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Determining the Best Sectioning Method and Intestinal Segment for Morphometric Analysis in Broilers

Cited by 30 publications

References 2 publications

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Characterization of Immune and Enteric Systems of Broilers after Imunosupression with Dexamethasone

Effect of dietary crude fibre level on intake, digestibility and productivity of slow-growing indigenous Venda chickens aged one to 91 days

Effect of dietary soybean meal and multienzyme on intestine histology of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)

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