Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: a report of 5 cases and a review of the recent literature

Abstract

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen associated with advanced HIV disease and other disorders associated with immune dysfunction. The pulmonary and the central nervous system are the most common manifestations of the disease. Localised osteomyelitis as the sole manifestation of extrapulmonary disease is rare. Herein, we present five cases of Cryptococcus osteomyelitis as the only manifestation of extrapulmonary disease. We also identified 84 additional cases of isolated cryptococcal osteomyelitis in the literature. Using these data, we have made some general recommendations regarding an approach to treatment of this uncommon clinical entity.

Cryptococcosis Today: It Is Not All About HIV Infection

“…Given its propensity to disseminate, Cryptococcus can involve virtually any body site including prostate, bone and ocular infections with atypical presentations also reported in transplant recipients(38). Therefore, the threshold for including Cryptococcus in a differential diagnosis should be low in immunocompromised patients and particularly, in the highly endemic areas of the southeastern United States.…”

Cryptococcal Osteomyelitis in an Immune-Competent Host: a Case Report

“…An ocular complication was ruled out by ophthalmic examination [13]. Due to the rarity of cryptococcal osteomyelitis in immunecompetent patients, the therapy must be based on "Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Cryptococcal Disease" [14] and the experiences of single case reports [15]. Following these, an extended surgical debridement was executed.…”

Osteomielitis: Diagnosis, Tatalaksana Bedah, dan Medikamentosa

“…berkaitan dengan kondisi imunokompromais. 11,12 Osteomielitis disebabkan Salmonella sp. umumnya pada pasien anemia sel sabit.…”