Defek septum ventrikel (VSD) adalah kelainan jantung kongenital yang ditandai dengan adanya hubungan abnormal antara ventrikel kiri dan kanan jantung, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan hemodinamik. VSD merupakan kelainan jantung bawaan yang paling sering ditemui pada anak-anak, serta merupakan kelainan kedua paling sering ditemui pada orang dewasa setelah katup aorta bikuspid. Sebagian besar VSD menutup spontan, namun VSD yang gagal menutup dapat menimbulkan komplikasi seperti hipertensi arteri pulmoner, disfungsi ventrikel, dan risiko aritmia. Diagnosis VSD komprehensif melalui anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk menentukan tata laksana dan prognosisnya. Ventricular septal defect is a congenital heart disorder characterized by an abnormal connection between the left and the right ventricle of the heart, causing hemodynamic disturbances. VSD is the most common congenital heart defect in children, and is the second most common abnormality in adults after the bicuspid aortic valve. Most VSDs close spontaneously, but failure to close can lead to complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, ventricular dysfunction, and the risk of arrhythmias. Diagnosis needs to be comprehensive through history, physical examination, and other supporting examinations for treatment planning and prognosis.
Osteomielitis merupakan peradangan tulang dan sumsum tulang yang biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Osteomielitis dapat menimbulkan gangguan fungsional irreversibel dan disabilitas. Namun, hingga saat ini, belum ada guideline khusus diagnosis dan manajemen tata laksana osteomielitis. Diagnosis dan tata laksana osteomielitis harus komprehensif agar memberikan hasil baik. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow which is usually caused by bacterial infection. Osteomyelitis can cause irreversible functional problems and disabilities. There is still no specific guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis. Diagnosis and management must be conducted comprehensively to result in good recovery.
<p>Osteomielitis merupakan peradangan tulang dan sumsum tulang yang biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Osteomielitis dapat menimbulkan gangguan fungsional irreversibel dan disabilitas. Namun, hingga saat ini, belum ada <em>guideline</em> khusus diagnosis dan manajemen tatalaksana osteomielitis. Diagnosis dan tatalaksana osteomielitis harus komprehensif agar memberikan hasil baik.</p><p> </p>Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone and bone marrow which is usually caused by bacterial infection. Osteomyelitis can cause irreversible functional problems and disabilities. There is still no specific guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis. Diagnosis and management must be conducted comprehensively to result in good recovery.
<p>Kista Bartholin merupakan pembesaran duktus kelenjar Bartholin akibat penyumbatan duktus kelenjar Bartholin. Abses Bartholin dapat terjadi pada kista Bartholin yang terinfeksi. Sekitar 2% wanita usia reproduktif mengalami kista/abses Bartholin. Hingga saat ini, masih belum terdapat konsensus manajemen kista dan abses Bartholin yang resmi. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas berbagai pilihan tata laksana kista dan abses Bartholin secara komprehensif.</p><p>Bartholin cyst is a cystic enlargement of Bartholin gland duct caused by an obstruction. Bartholin abscess may be caused by infection in Bartholin cyst or direct infection to the gland. About 2% of women in reproductive age have Bartholin cyst or abscess. There is no official consensus on the management of Bartholin cyst or abscess. This review discuss the options in comprehensive treatment of Bartholin cyst and abscess.</p>
Background: The obesity rate in Indonesia always increases every year. RISKESDAS (Indonesian National Health Research Data) 2007, 2013 and 2018 showed that obesity rate is always increasing in Indonesia. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia which causes death. Objective: This review aims to explain various diseases which are associated with obesity, risk factors of lung cancer and the association between them. Methods: Literature search was conducted in pubmed and textbooks regarding obesity and lung cancer risk factors. The literature search on association between obesity and lung cancer was done in pubmed with the keyword "(Lung Cancer [Title]) AND (Obesity [Title])". Results: Based on the research conducted, it was found that obesity was associated with various diseases including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer risk, mood disorders, heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Furthermore, there are various risk factors for lung cancer, including gender, genetics, tobacco use, and exposure to toxic agents. The association between obesity and lung cancer is a paradoxical phenomenon that occurs, in which obese patients have a lower risk of developing lung cancer based on the meta-analysis research (RR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.73-0.85). Conclusion: Obesity can increase the risk of various diseases, and lung cancer which is one of the most common cancers in Indonesia also has various risk factors. However, current clinical research studies have shown that obesity actually reduces the risk of lung cancer. Thus we advise researchers around the world to further enhance experimental research either in clinical or laboratory about the body mechanisms that can explain this phenomenon. Regardless of this paradox association, we also suggest that the public should keep on controlling body weight because of the risk of various diseases associated with obesity.
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