Coordinated control of wind farm and VSC–HVDC system using capacitor energy and kinetic energy to improve inertia level of power systems

Li, Yujun; Zhang, Zeren; Yang, Yong; Li, Yingyi; Chen, Hairong; Xu, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.02.003

Cited by 89 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The load is not directly connected to the wind farm, but it is indirectly connected via the B2B HVDC system. Thus, the wind farm can operate at similar or different frequencies [41]. A VSC-HVDC uses a self-commutated switch such as IGBT with anti-parallel freewheeling diodes to convert the AC/DC power transformation.…”

Section: Offshore Wind Farm Voltage Source Converter-high Voltage Dirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [41] used an additional fixed capacitance in VSC-HVDC system in order to provide a support frequency regulation by emulating an inertia constant (H). The proposed method depends on variations in the DC voltage bus, but the maximum permissible limit of DC bus voltage variation must also be accounted for.…”

Section: De-loading Techniques Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [41,[74][75][76] blended both the kinetic energy stored in the wind turbine rotors and the electrical energy stored in the DC shunt capacitors of the HVDC link aim to emulate the initial response of a conventional synchronous machine.…”

Section: De-loading Techniques Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

2017

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Abstract:The inclusion of wind energy in a power system network is currently seeing a significant increase. However, this inclusion has resulted in degradation of the inertia response, which in turn seriously affects the stability of the power system's frequency. This problem can be solved by using an active power reserve to stabilize the frequency within an allowable limit in the event of a sudden load increment or the loss of generators. Active power reserves can be utilized via three approaches: (1) de-loading method (pitching or over-speeding) by a variable speed wind turbine (VSWT); (2) stored energy in the capacitors of voltage source converter-high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission; and (3) coordination of frequency regulation between the offshore wind farms and the VSC-HVDC transmission. This paper reviews the solutions that can be used to overcome problems related to the frequency stability of grid-integrated offshore wind turbines. It also details the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with full-scale back to back (B2B) converters, its corresponding control strategies, and a typical VSC-HVDC system with an associated control system. The control methods, both on the levels of a wind turbine and the VSC-HVDC system that participate in a system's primary frequency control and emulation inertia, are discussed.

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Section: Offshore Wind Farm Voltage Source Converter-high Voltage Dirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: De-loading Techniques Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

2017

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“…Since RES can represent up to 50% of the power production in low-demand days, a large and not foreseen variation of their production can lead to a significant frequency variation, and consequently to the loss of a huge amount of power. A reduction of such risk has been obtained by the Italian authority by extending the frequency deviation thresholds for installed inverters [8], and can also be achieved by using advanced electronic controller on RES systems [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the battery size for PV systems under regulatory rules using a Markov-Chains approach

et al. 2016

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In the last decade a high amount of photovoltaic and wind power generators have been connected to the electric grid, introducing operational problems for transmission and distribution system operators due to the variability and the non-programmability of solar radiation and wind. The paper concerns an analysis on the benefits in adopting storage systems to reduce the imbalance costs associated to renewable energy sources. An analysis on a photovoltaic system has been performed considering different battery technologies. Discrete-time Markov chains have been used to generate a 20 years' time series of irradiance, that has been used to calculate the PV power production. Markov simulation parameters have been deeply studied in order to optimize them and obtain reliable synthetic data of ground irradiance. This data was then used as input of a hybrid PV and storage model allowing to obtain realistic economic and technical results, improving thus the results respect to the methods based on probabilistic weather simulations. An imbalance tariff has been assumed and its cost has been analysed in relation to the storage system costs. An optimal size for the different battery technology has been investigated considering the reduction of variability of the photovoltaic production and the economic convenience of\ud the hybrid system. The use of Markov chains for the optimization of the battery size can be considered as the major novelty of the proposed approach

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“…A HVDC system that consists in more than two converters connected through an HVDC network, called a multi-terminal HVDC system [4], allows connecting multiple generators and AC grids. Due to these characteristics, HVDC technology can be used as a solution to recent problems of power grids, such as, network congestions, wind farms connection, multi-terminal operation and asynchronous connection [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].In their early ages CSC HVDC systems were based on thyristor technology [20,21] but, due to the continuous improvement of high-voltage, high-power fully controlled semiconductor devices, two-level voltage source converters (VSC) topologies are now being used in HVDC systems [22,13]. These topologies allow operation at switching frequencies much higher than the line frequency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

HVDC transmission system using multilevel power converters based on dual three-phase two-level inverters

Pires

Fialho

Silva

2015

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

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Coordinated control of wind farm and VSC–HVDC system using capacitor energy and kinetic energy to improve inertia level of power systems

Cited by 89 publications

References 19 publications

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Optimization of the battery size for PV systems under regulatory rules using a Markov-Chains approach

HVDC transmission system using multilevel power converters based on dual three-phase two-level inverters

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