Optimization of the battery size for PV systems under regulatory rules using a Markov-Chains approach

Abstract

In the last decade a high amount of photovoltaic and wind power generators have been connected to the electric grid, introducing operational problems for transmission and distribution system operators due to the variability and the non-programmability of solar radiation and wind. The paper concerns an analysis on the benefits in adopting storage systems to reduce the imbalance costs associated to renewable energy sources. An analysis on a photovoltaic system has been performed considering different battery technologies. Discrete-time Markov chains have been used to generate a 20 years' time series of irradiance, that has been used to calculate the PV power production. Markov simulation parameters have been deeply studied in order to optimize them and obtain reliable synthetic data of ground irradiance. This data was then used as input of a hybrid PV and storage model allowing to obtain realistic economic and technical results, improving thus the results respect to the methods based on probabilistic weather simulations. An imbalance tariff has been assumed and its cost has been analysed in relation to the storage system costs. An optimal size for the different battery technology has been investigated considering the reduction of variability of the photovoltaic production and the economic convenience of\ud the hybrid system. The use of Markov chains for the optimization of the battery size can be considered as the major novelty of the proposed approach

Intelligence-Based Battery Management and Economic Analysis of an Optimized Dual-Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) for a Wind-PV Hybrid System

“…Based on the assimilated data, forecasting is done, and the power generated from the HRES is formulated as explained in Section 2. The mean absolute percent error for wind forecasting done based on statistical analysis was 9.3% and for solar using, multiple linear regression was 12%, which falls within acceptable standards [4]. The power dispatch (Dem) is then scheduled as proposed in Section 2.4.…”

“…Multi-purpose repowering by integrating solar Photovoltaics (PV) with the existing wind turbines is being proposed with smart metering. Energy storage systems are increasingly being viewed as an effective solution in hybrid systems with higher renewable penetration to ensure system flexibility and reliability, thus replacing fossil driven dispatch able plants [2][3][4]. Other solutions like Demand Side Management also allow for greater renewable penetration in modern micro grids but are often limited by available capacity and customer comfort in intelligent management of microgrids [5].…”

Generation Data of Synthetic High Frequency Solar Irradiance for Data-Driven Decision-Making in Electrical Distribution Grids

“…The Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) with Gaussian observation have been used in [33] to generate synthetic CSI data. In [34], a PV systems power production model based on MC has been used for optimizing the size of a battery storage system.…”

A Mixed Receding Horizon Control Strategy for Battery Energy Storage System Scheduling in a Hybrid PV and Wind Power Plant with Different Forecast Techniques

“…For BESS modelling, the most generally used generic model [21] is adopted here with Equations (1) and (2) show the charging and discharging process, respectively:…”