Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Jallad, Jafar; Mekhilef, Saad; Mokhlis, Hazlie

doi:10.3390/en10091244

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…At present, there are different techniques of wind generator control (see Figure 14) so that a wind turbine is normally designed to work within specific wind speeds, with it being necessary to limit the power output or the speed of the wind turbine above the nominal value established [134][135][136]. The following classifications can be made: Passive Stall Controlled.…”

Section: Wind Generator Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

et al. 2020

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Most offshore wind farms built thus far are based on waters below 30 m deep, either using big diameter steel monopiles or a gravity base. Now, offshore windfarms are starting to be installed in deeper waters and the use of these structures—used for oil and gas like jackets and tripods—is becoming more competitive. Setting aside these calls for direct or fixed foundations, and thinking of water depths beyond 50 m, there is a completely new line of investigation focused on the usage of floating structures; TLP (tension leg platform), Spar (large deep craft cylindrical floating caisson), and semisubmersible are the most studied. We analyze these in detail at the end of this document. Nevertheless, it is foreseen that we must still wait sometime before these solutions, based on floating structures, can become truth from a commercial point of view, due to the higher cost, rather than direct or fixed foundations. In addition, it is more likely that some technical modifications in the wind turbines will have to be implemented to improve their function. Regarding wind farm connections to grid, it can be found from traditional designs such as radial, star or ring. On the other hand, for wind generator modeling, classifications can be established, modeling the wind turbine and modeling the wind farm. Finally, for the wind generator control, the main strategies are: passive stall, active stall, and pitch control; and when it is based on wind generation zone: fixed speed and variable speed. Lastly, the trend is to use strategies based on synchronous machines, as the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and the wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG).

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Section: Wind Generator Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

et al. 2020

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“…Nowadays, VSWTs are the most commonly installed WTs [62][63][64][65]. Among them, full converter generator WTs seem to be a better option than DFIG-based WTs for OWPP [66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. The main differences between DFIG and full-converter WTs are the following:…”

Section: Preliminaries: Classification Of Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends

Fernández‐Guillamón

Das

Cutululis

et al. 2019

JMSE

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Nowadays, wind is considered as a remarkable renewable energy source to be implemented in power systems. Most wind power plant experiences have been based on onshore installations, as they are considered as a mature technological solution by the electricity sector. However, future power scenarios and roadmaps promote offshore power plants as an alternative and additional power generation source, especially in some regions such as the North and Baltic seas. According to this framework, the present paper discusses and reviews trends and perspectives of offshore wind power plants for massive offshore wind power integration into future power systems. Different offshore trends, including turbine capacity, wind power plant capacity as well as water depth and distance from the shore, are discussed. In addition, electrical transmission high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) solutions are described by considering the advantages and technical limitations of these alternatives. Several future advancements focused on increasing the offshore wind energy capacity currently under analysis are also included in the paper.

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“…A certain amount of active power reserve is thus available to supply additional generation under a contingency [48]. It can be implemented by regulating the pitch angle from β min to a maximum value or by increasing the rotational speed above the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) speed (over-speeding) [49]. An extension of de-loading strategy applied to Photovoltaic system (PV) taking into account a percentage of the PV power production for back-up reserve can be found in [50].…”

Section: Improving Frequency Control Strategy Of Wind Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Power Reserve Emulation Strategy for VSWT Supporting Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power Systems

et al. 2018

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The integration of renewables into power systems involves significant targets and new scenarios with an important role for these alternative resources, mainly wind and PV power plants. Among the different objectives, frequency control strategies and new reserve analysis are currently considered as a major concern in power system stability and reliability studies. This paper aims to provide an analysis of multi-area power systems submitted to power imbalances, considering a high wind power penetration in line with certain European energy road-maps. Frequency control strategies applied to wind power plants from different areas are studied and compared for simulation purposes, including conventional generation units. Different parameters, such as nadir values, stabilization time intervals and tie-line active power exchanges are also analyzed. Detailed generation unit models are included in the paper. The results provide relevant information on the influence of multi-area scenarios on the global frequency response, including participation of wind power plants in system frequency control.

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Frequency Regulation Strategies in Grid Integrated Offshore Wind Turbines via VSC-HVDC Technology: A Review

Cited by 19 publications

References 66 publications

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

Wind Turbines Offshore Foundations and Connections to Grid

Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends

Fast Power Reserve Emulation Strategy for VSWT Supporting Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power Systems

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