Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends

Fernández‐Guillamón, Ana; Das, Kaushik; Cutululis, Nicolaos Antonio; Molina‐García, Ángel

doi:10.3390/jmse7110399

Cited by 64 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Several authors conclude that in P2G case, hydrogen produced from wind energy should be sold, as re-electrification is exceptionally expensive. Future research works should be focused on the reduction of implementation and maintenance costs for the P2X to become a viable scenario of OWPP integration [73][74][75].…”

Section: More Offshore Wpp-emergence Of a Super Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

Ryndzionek

Sienkiewicz

2020

Energies

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This paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore and in deeper waters. However, their development will require, among other technologies, DC-DC conversion systems. The advantages of HVDC over HVAC technology in relation to transmission distance are given. The different HVDC configurations and topologies of HVDC converters are elucidated. In this context, the HVDC grids are a promising alternative for the expansion of the existing AC grid.

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Section: More Offshore Wpp-emergence Of a Super Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The project created by University of Malta is currently at the stage of a large-scale demonstrator at the open sea [73,76].…”

Section: More Offshore Wpp-emergence Of a Super Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

Ryndzionek

Sienkiewicz

2020

Energies

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“…To maintain frequency in its nominal value, power systems rely on synchronous machines connected to the grid, which store kinetic energy automatically extracted in response to a sudden power imbalance [2]. However, due to the new environmental policies and the limited fossil fuel reserves, conventional generators are being replaced by renewable energy sources (RES)-based generators [3]. Among the different RES available, the most promising for electrical power generation are PV and wind power installations, which are inverter-interfaced RES (II-RES) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

Fernández‐Guillamón¹,

Gómez‐Lázaro²,

Muljadi³

et al. 2021

Renewable Energy - Technologies and Applications

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Over recent decades, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), especially photovoltaic and wind power plants, has been promoted in most countries. However, as these both alternative sources have power electronics at the grid interface (inverters), they are electrically decoupled from the grid. Subsequently, stability and reliability of power systems are compromised. Inertia in power systems has been traditionally determined by considering all the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. Thus, as the penetration of renewable units increases, the inertia of the power system decreases due to the reduction of directly connected rotating machines. As a consequence, power systems require a new set of strategies to include these renewable sources. In fact, 'hidden inertia,''synthetic inertia' and 'virtual inertia' are terms currently used to represent an artificial inertia created by inverter control strategies of such renewable sources. This chapter reviews the inertia concept and proposes a method to estimate the rotational inertia in different parts of the world. In addition, an extensive discussion on wind and photovoltaic power plants and their contribution to inertia and power system stability is presented.

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“…Renewable energy sources can provide an acceptable solution for two important issues related to the electricity supply. They can help to (i) reduce the greenhouse gas emissions; and (ii) mitigate the importation of fuels from other countries [1,2]. Consequently, over recent decades, power systems have slowly been changing, with some traditional power plants (mainly based on fossil and nuclear fuels) being replaced by renewable energy sources generation units [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Types 1 and 2 Wind Turbines Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips

et al. 2020

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Wind power plants depend greatly on weather conditions, thus being considered intermittent, uncertain and non-dispatchable. Due to the massive integration of this energy resource in the recent decades, it is important that transmission and distribution system operators are able to model their electrical behaviour in terms of steady-state power flow, transient dynamic stability, and short-circuit currents. Consequently, in 2015, the International Electrotechnical Commission published Standard IEC 61400-27-1, which includes generic models for wind power generation in order to estimate the electrical characteristics of wind turbines at the connection point. This paper presents, describes and details the models for wind turbine topologies Types 1 and 2 following IEC 61400-27-1 for electrical simulation purposes, including the values for the parameters for the different subsystems. A hardware-in-the-loop combined with a real-time simulator is also used to analyse the response of such wind turbine topologies under voltage dips. The evolution of active and reactive powers is discussed, together with the wind turbine rotor and generator rotational speeds.

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Offshore Wind Power Integration into Future Power Systems: Overview and Trends

Cited by 64 publications

References 136 publications

Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems

A Review of Virtual Inertia Techniques for Renewable Energy-Based Generators

Modelling Types 1 and 2 Wind Turbines Based on IEC 61400-27-1: Transient Response under Voltage Dips

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