This manuscript discusses the concept of socio-biodiversity product chains, identifying defining elements and threats present in the consolidation of these socio-productive arrangements. Based on these understandings, it describes analytically the ongoing experiences in Southern Brazil involving the construction of chains of native fruits from the Atlantic Forest, especially carried out by actors identified with the agroecological field and socio-environmentalism. The methodology used is based on bibliographical review and initial systematization of field data from a qualitative research developed in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. As a result, a description of the current organizational environment of these chains is made, as well as a systematization of socio-productive aspects, involving products, markets, bottlenecks and implications of such arrangements in income alternatives for farming families, environmental conservation and improvements in food and nutrition for farmers and consumers in the regions involved. The chains of juçara açaí and other native fruits (such as butiá, guabiroba and araçá) have different behaviors and, even in a preliminar way (since it is an ongoing research), different threats and challenges can be perceived for each of these fruits, including potential reduction in the protagonism of family farmers and extractivist in the chain of juçara açaí. The importance of the continuity of promotion actions is reinforced, both in the form of direct investments in the associative and family endeavors, as in the actions of social organization and qualification of the different stages of the chain promoted by the rural extension compromised with the principles of agroecology, solidarity economy, and food and nutritional security.