Conjugation with carbon nanotubes improves the performance of mesoporous silicon as Li-ion battery anode

Ikonen, Timo; Kalidas, Nathiya; Lahtinen, Katja; Isoniemi, Tommi; Toppari, J. Jussi; Vázquez, Éster; Herrero, M. Antonia; Fierro, J.L.G.; Kallio, Tanja; Lehto, V.‐P.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62564-0

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Graphitic carbon coatings on silicon provide electrical conductivity between silicon particles and with the current collector of the anode. Graphitic nanocarbons such as electrically conductive nanocarbon films, nanoparticles, fibers, CNTs, graphene, and graphitized polymers are examples [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. We have reported plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of sponge-like graphene-nanowall coatings on silicon particles, direct growth of graphitic nanocarbon films including CNTs on silicon flakes, and the application of thermally oxidized silicon for enhancing the physical integrity of silicon flakes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Tzeng

Jhan

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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Silicon flakes of about 100 × 1000 × 1000 nm in sizes recycled from wastes of silicon wafer manufacturing processes were coated with combined silicon carbide (SiC) and graphitic (Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF)) carbon coatings to serve as active materials of the anode of lithium ion battery (LIB). Thermal carbonization of silicon at 1000 °C for 5 h forms 5-nm SiC encapsulating silicon flakes. SiC provides physical strength to help silicon flakes maintain physical integrity and isolating silicon from irreversible reactions with the electrolyte. Lithium diffuses through SiC before alloying with silicon. The SiC buffer layer results in uniform alloying reactions between lithium and silicon on the surface around a silicon flake. RF carbon coatings provide enhanced electrical conductivity of SiC encapsulated silicon flakes. We characterized the coatings and anode by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), and electrical resistance measurements. Coin half-cells with combined SiC and RF carbon coatings exhibit an initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 76% and retains a specific capacity of 955 mAh/g at 100th cycle and 850 mAh/g at 150th cycle of repetitive discharge and charge operation. Pre-lithiation of the anode increases the ICE to 97%. The SiC buffer layer reduces local stresses caused by non-uniform volume changes and improves the capacity retention and the cycling life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Tzeng

Jhan

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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“…To mitigate these limitations, various strategies have been explored, such as design of novel nanostructured Si materials, wrapping silicon with conductive or mechanically rigid layers, and adapting suitable stiﬀ binders. [ 8,12–17 ] One of the most important approaches is incorporating spaces/voids into the silicon morphology, which can buffer its volume change as it continuously undergoes lithiation/delithiation during the charge/discharge process. However, it should be noted that the porosity has to be optimum if one wishes to maximize the volumetric capacity while accommodating the high‐volume change during charging/discharging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin Silicon Nanolayer Implanted Ni_xSi/Ni Nanoparticles as Superlong‐Cycle Lithium‐Ion Anode Material

et al. 2020

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It has been claimed that the mechanical properties of electrodes in lithium‐ion batteries have a huge impact on their electrochemical performance. This is especially critical for Si‐based electrodes, which suffer from pulverization and formation of an unstable solid–electrolyte interphase during cycling. Herein, thin silicon‐coated nickel silicide nanoparticles grown on a nickel inner core support (designated as Si@NixSi/Ni) as anode material for a Li‐ion battery are reported. The ultrathin nano silicon layer contributes to achieve reasonably high energy density and allows fast Li‐ion diffusion due to its high specific capacity and shortened Li‐ion diffusion length. While the gradiently distributed NixSi layer enables the attainment of superior cycling stability and further enhances the specific capacity, the Ni inner core provides mechanical support to maintain the structural integrity of the nanoparticles during the extended lithiation/delithiation process. The Si@NixSi/Ni core–shell electrode exhibits a charge‐specific capacity of 706.1 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1. This structure also shows a high first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency of 81.5%. Interestingly, the Si@NixSi/Ni core–shell electrode demonstrates a cycle life of over 5000 cycles with capacity retention of 74% at a current density of 500 mA g−1.

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“…The peaks that appeared in (Fig. 6) provide evidence that -COOH groups were attached to the surface through a reaction of -NH2 and succinic anhydride at a transmittance of 119% 29,39,40 . As the amine-terminated surface was converted to the aldehyde group, the characteristic band for HC=O vibration appeared at 1711 cm -1 and CH 2 -CHO at 1414 cm -1 , and CHO at 1374 cm -1 indicating that the aldehyde group had been introduced to the SPION surfaces.…”

Section: Surface Functionalization Of Fe 3 O 4 -Apts Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Conjugation strategies on functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as a malaria vaccine delivery system

Al-Abboodi

Alsaady

Banoon

et al. 2021

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Vaccination has been used effectively to protect from infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as cancer and allergies. Different forms of particulate arrangements, including nanoparticles, virus-like particles (VLPs), and virosomes, have been built recently depending on the type of pathogen to be targeted. The ability to conjugate the recombinant Plasmodium yoelii, 19-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP119) on the surface of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (SPIONs) was explored as a new technique of enhancing vaccination against malaria. Different conjugation strategies were performed to correlate the effects of nanoparticle chemistry surfaces to bind later with the malaria protein. (SPIONs) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method and coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) alone (as a surface coater), or with both APTS and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as a shield to protect the malaria protein from proteolytic enzymes) by using a modified silanisation method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Philips Model) patterns indicated that the SPIONs were of high purity with an inverse spinal structure. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was collected using PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 Series; spectra of uncoated and coated magnetite nanoparticles confirmed that the silane layer had been coated on the surface Fe3O4. The SPIONs were superparamagnetic as investigated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM, Princeton Applied Research, model ISS) and relatively stable in aqueous phase at room temperature and could also be quickly recovered from suspension using an external magnet. Introduce the carboxyl groups onto the SPIONs surfaces, resulting in a relatively high protein binding capacity onto the nanoparticle surfaces. The bare particles had a mean size of around 20 nm with a relatively narrow size distribution. 82% of African Green Monkey fibroblast (COS-7) were alive in nanoparticle suspension using the MTT assay method. The quantity of protein explicitly bound to particles was determined using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). SDS–PAGE. When the conjugation blend was prepared in EDC, there was approximately 100% binding between PyMSP119 and the Fe3O4-COOH particles because no protein band was apparent at the expected molecular weight for PyMSP119 (45 kDa). The current study investigates the theory that the gradual, persistent release of the malaria antigen may stimulate and maintain an elevated level of immune response for an extended period in vivo, which will be the scope of future work.

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Conjugation with carbon nanotubes improves the performance of mesoporous silicon as Li-ion battery anode

Abstract: achieve high capacity even with high C rates. Moreover, it is discovered that the saturation of the excess positive charges in the hybrid material with succinic anhydride (SA) improves the performance even further.

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Ultrathin Silicon Nanolayer Implanted Ni_xSi/Ni Nanoparticles as Superlong‐Cycle Lithium‐Ion Anode Material

Conjugation strategies on functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as a malaria vaccine delivery system

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Conjugation with carbon nanotubes improves the performance of mesoporous silicon as Li-ion battery anode

Abstract: achieve high capacity even with high C rates. Moreover, it is discovered that the saturation of the excess positive charges in the hybrid material with succinic anhydride (SA) improves the performance even further.

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Effects of SiC and Resorcinol–Formaldehyde (RF) Carbon Coatings on Silicon-Flake-Based Anode of Lithium Ion Battery

Ultrathin Silicon Nanolayer Implanted NixSi/Ni Nanoparticles as Superlong‐Cycle Lithium‐Ion Anode Material

Conjugation strategies on functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as a malaria vaccine delivery system

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Ultrathin Silicon Nanolayer Implanted Ni_xSi/Ni Nanoparticles as Superlong‐Cycle Lithium‐Ion Anode Material