LIBs), flow batteries like Ni-MH, Ni-Cd and Pb-acid, Na/NiCl 2 , Na-S, Li-O 2 , and Li-S batteries have been considered as potential energy storage devices for ESSs. [5][6][7] The flow batteries like Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and Pb-acid were feasible in past, whereas the environment pollution and safe risk caused by these batteries have deviated away from the parameters of ESSs. Although the Li-O 2 and Li-S batteries appear to offer the great hope for ESSs by virtue of extremely high energy density, the extensive material challenges and barriers involving electrodes, electrolytes, interfaces, and additive materials could have a profound effect on stabilizing electrode-electrolyte interactions. [8] The practical application of Li-ion batteries has attracted enormous attention and realized in portable devices due to their high energy density and long cycle, and the Li-ion aqueous systems can be a possible substitute for conventional aqueous rechargeable systems such as Ni-MH, Ni-Cd, and Pb-acid since the first aqueous Li-ion battery (ALIB) developed by Dahn and coworkers in 1994. [9][10][11] However, there are some intrinsic characteristics including the growing price of Li resources and safety to make the current LIBs less attractive for large-scale stationary ESSs.Compared with Li, sodium (Na) is the sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust, making it be investigated as a guest ion to develop less expensive and easy accessibility of Na rechargeable battery systems. The early research has focused on high-temperature Na rechargeable battery systems such as Na/NiCl 2 and Na-S batteries, but the safety issue of molten Na and sulfur at 300-350 °C in Na-S batteries is also a remarkable problem for large-scale applications. [6] Aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) offer multiple advantages such as wide abundance in the earth's crust, a Sodium (Na) is one of the more abundant elements on earth and exhibits similar chemical properties as lithium (Li), indicating that Na could be applied to a similar battery system. Like aqueous Li-ion batteries, aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs) are also demonstrated to be one of the most promising stationary power sources for sustainable energies such as wind and solar power. Compared to traditional nonaqueous batteries, ASIBs may solve the safety problems associated with the highly toxic and flammable organic electrolyte in the traditional lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. During the past decades, many efforts are made to improve the performance of the ASIBs. The present review focuses on the latest advances in the exploration and development of ASIB systems and related components, including cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes. Previously reported studies are briefly summarized, together with the presentation of new findings based on the electrochemical performance, cycling stability, and morphology approaches. In addition, the main opportunities, achievements, and challenges in this field are briefly commented and discussed. www.advancedsciencenews.com seemingly unlimited distributi...
