Conjugation strategies on functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as a malaria vaccine delivery system

Abstract

Vaccination has been used effectively to protect from infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases such as cancer and allergies. Different forms of particulate arrangements, including nanoparticles, virus-like particles (VLPs), and virosomes, have been built recently depending on the type of pathogen to be targeted. The ability to conjugate the recombinant Plasmodium yoelii, 19-kDa C-terminal fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 (PyMSP119) on the surface of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (SPIONs) was explored as a new technique of enhancing vaccination against malaria. Different conjugation strategies were performed to correlate the effects of nanoparticle chemistry surfaces to bind later with the malaria protein. (SPIONs) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method and coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) alone (as a surface coater), or with both APTS and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as a shield to protect the malaria protein from proteolytic enzymes) by using a modified silanisation method. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD, Philips Model) patterns indicated that the SPIONs were of high purity with an inverse spinal structure. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was collected using PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 Series; spectra of uncoated and coated magnetite nanoparticles confirmed that the silane layer had been coated on the surface Fe3O4. The SPIONs were superparamagnetic as investigated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM, Princeton Applied Research, model ISS) and relatively stable in aqueous phase at room temperature and could also be quickly recovered from suspension using an external magnet. Introduce the carboxyl groups onto the SPIONs surfaces, resulting in a relatively high protein binding capacity onto the nanoparticle surfaces. The bare particles had a mean size of around 20 nm with a relatively narrow size distribution. 82% of African Green Monkey fibroblast (COS-7) were alive in nanoparticle suspension using the MTT assay method. The quantity of protein explicitly bound to particles was determined using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) - Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). SDS–PAGE. When the conjugation blend was prepared in EDC, there was approximately 100% binding between PyMSP119 and the Fe3O4-COOH particles because no protein band was apparent at the expected molecular weight for PyMSP119 (45 kDa). The current study investigates the theory that the gradual, persistent release of the malaria antigen may stimulate and maintain an elevated level of immune response for an extended period in vivo, which will be the scope of future work.